Term
What is the part of the cell every living thing has
(...asm) |
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest unit of protoplasm is the |
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Definition
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Term
What is a tissue
What is an organ
What is an organ system |
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Definition
group of cells with the same functio
group of tissues...
group of organs... |
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Term
| What does protoplasm consist of |
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Definition
Inorganic compunds - mineral salts acids bases
Organic compounds - proteins carbohydrates nucleic acid lipids
Water |
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Term
| What is a main diference between Inorganic Compounds and Organic Compounds |
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Definition
| Inorganic Compounds do not contain carbon |
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Term
| How much of protoplasm is water |
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Definition
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Term
What are the two main inorganic salts compromising the cell and where are they located and what is their charge
What is the main job of these salts and what do they aid in doing |
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Definition
Sodium (-) outside of cell
Potassium (+) inside of cell
Maintain osomotic pressure and aid in production of energy and nerve impulses
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Term
How much of the cell is compramised by proteins
What are protiens composed of and how is the strustures of proteins classified as small to large
What function do proteins serve as
Building blocks of cellular and acellular tissues |
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Definition
Proteins comprfamise approx. 15 percent of the cell
are composed of C, H, O, N
monomer
polymer
macromolecule |
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Term
What are amino acids
how many do living organisms have
What is it called when porteins are linked together |
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Definition
Bulding blocks of proteins
22
linked by peptide bond and is called polymerization |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of proteins that act as an organic catalyst |
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Term
How much of the cell is compromised of carbohydrates what are they composed of
what is their main function and what are the three categories |
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Definition
1 percent
C,H,O
Primary source of energy
Mono, Di, and Poly-saccharides |
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Term
Nucelic Acid and RIboNucleic acid are made out of smaller untis called..
What are they composed of |
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Definition
Nucleotides
Five carbon sugar, Phosphate or phosphoric group, and one nitrogenous base
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Term
What is a lipid and what do they do
How much is in the cell |
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Definition
A fat that is the structral component of a cell membrane, used for storage of energy, protects agaist the cold and assists in digestive process
2 percent
Cell membrane and nuclear envelope |
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Term
| What two sections is the cell made in to and what are thier respective functions. |
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Definition
| Cytoplasm where all metabolic functions take place and houses the nucleus and organelles. The nucleaus is seprate by a nuclear envelop or membrane |
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Term
| Define anabolism and catabolism |
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Definition
Anabolism is the build up
Catabolism is the breakdown |
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Term
| Name the basic organelles of the cell |
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Definition
| golgi appratus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, centrosomes, ribosomes |
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Term
| Name the functions of the cell membrane |
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Definition
Composed of lipids and proteins and functions as a monitor of all exchanges between intracellular and extracellular fluid.
It is selectively permeable and can conduct electrical impulses
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Term
| Describe the basic compostion of a DNA molecule |
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Definition
| Uspiraled it looks like a ladder with the sides made of a sug and phosphor molecules and the rungs made os the nitogenous bases |
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Term
What unit is the only unti of the DNA chain that is diferent throughout the chain
and what are the two groups and four bases of these |
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Definition
The nitrogen rungs
Purines - adenine and Guanine
Pyramidines - thymine and cytosine |
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Term
| what only paris with adenine |
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Definition
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Term
| What pairs only with guanine |
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Definition
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Term
What are chromosomes and what do they do, describe them
What is a diploid number |
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Definition
Chromosomes are long thread like structures that cotain DNA with genes arranged on each chromosome
Chromosomes are paired with each memeber of a pari alike, but all pairs being different.
Number of chromosomes in a cell |
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Term
What two types of cells are there concerning being sexually reproductive
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Definition
Germ cells (OOcyte and Spermatoza
and somatic cells (all other cells) |
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Term
| What is the diploid number for humans |
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Definition
| 2n = to 46 chromosomes = 23 pairs |
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Term
How are chromosomes arrangd in Germ cells
what type of number is this |
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Definition
Chromosomes exist separately and not paired. They are half the number as in somatic cells.
this is a haploid number and N=23 in humnas |
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Term
| Describe two diferent types of cell division |
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Definition
| Mitosis (division of somatic cells) and Meiosis Division of germ cells |
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Term
| How does DNA act during Interphase |
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Definition
| DNA Doubles during interphase |
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Term
| what are the phases of mitosis |
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Definition
4 phases
Prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase |
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Term
Describe Prophase
What happens with chromosomes |
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Definition
Genetic material appears granularand nucleaus enlarges and forms elongates strands (chromosomal formation)
Chromosomes each have two chromatids where they shorten and thicken and the nuclear membrane breaks down, the spindle is formed, the fibers attach to centrioles where there is onecentriole per chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| when the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell forming the equatorial plate, chromosomes are free to move, attach to the spindle by means of centromere, repelling eachother with arms poitned toward the poll and the centromere is duplicated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two chromatds reple each other and migrate to oppistie poles ot ht cell. phase ends when duplocated chromosome is located at oppisite ends |
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Term
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Definition
| chromsomes become elongated strands with nuclear membrane reconstruction. Cytokinesis occurs and ends when two duaghter cells are formed |
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Term
| At what point in electron volts does the electromagnetic spectrum cause ionizing radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an alpha particle |
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Definition
| Consists of 2 protons and two neutrons and carries a postive charge and is considered ionizing particulate radiation that losses energy quickly and is essentialy harmless unless ingested into the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Ionizing pariculate radiation that carries a negative charge, is identicle to high speed electrons and are very light in mass |
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Term
| What are protons considered in an radiation environment |
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Definition
| Carry a postive charge and have a small mass when compared to alpha particles |
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Term
| What is Equivalent Dose and its unit of measurement |
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Definition
Quantitivy of radiation used to desribe vairious types of ionizing radiation
Measured in Sievert |
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Term
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Definition
Takes into account the effectiveness of the type of radiation used and a radiosensitivity of the irradiated organ
Measured in Sievert |
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Term
| Name all the possible sources of radiation |
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Definition
Natural
Terestrial
Cosmic
Internal
Comsumer Products (artificial) Manmade
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Term
What percentage of total background radiation accounts for the population in medical dose
How much of an increase from 1987 to 2006 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Classic, Unmodified, Elastic Scatter
is very low - less than 10 keV and causes electrons to vibrate - releasing photons in the smae energy and wavelength as incidient photon |
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Term
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Definition
| Inchoerent, inelastic, modified scatter where incident photon removes loosley bound outer shell electron that has less energy and new direction |
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Term
| What are other names for compton scatter electron |
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Definition
| secondary, recoil and compton electron |
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Term
| Describe Photoelectric Absorbtion |
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Definition
| A phtoton interacts with a inner shell electron, and all of the energy is transfered to that electron which creates a photoelectron. |
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Term
| What is the most important interaction in diagnostic imaging |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs at High Mev (1.02) where incident photon interacts with nucleus of atom and dissapears. Photon is transformed into two particles, a negraton and a positron, each having an energy of .51 MeV |
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Term
| Describe Photodisintegration |
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Definition
| Occurs above 10MeV where the photon interacts and is absorbed by the nucleus. The nucleus becomes radioactive and ejects an neutron, proton -neutron combo, or and alpha particle |
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Term
| What happens during G1 phase of the cell cycle |
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Definition
Pre- DNA synthesis phase
The cell grows and synthesizes mRNA and proteins |
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Term
| What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle |
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Definition
| DNA Synthesis and restoration |
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Term
| What happens during G2 phase |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cell that shows no evidence of division |
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Term
During this subphase of the cell cycle the genetic material starts to appear grainy in and enlarging nucleus, forming elongated strands evenly distributed through the nucleus
Each chromosome has two chromatids where the nuclear membrane breaks down. Spindle is formed where fibers attach to centrioles
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Definition
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Term
| This subphase of the cell cycle begins when the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and form the equatorial plate. Two chromatids of each chromosome attach to spindle by means of centromere. Centromere is duplicated. Centrioles migrate to the poles with each chromatid attaching to an individual spindle |
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Definition
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Term
| This subphase of the cell cycle has two chromatids repelling each other and migrating along the spindle fiber to opposite poles of the cell. This phase ends when duplicated ends of the chromosome are located at opposite sides of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| This phase has the chromosomes becoming elongated strands, reconstruction of the nuclear membrane and cytokineses occurs. This phase ends when two daughter cells are created |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the cell enables it to communicate with the extra cellular enviornment andtransfer food from one part of the cell to another |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the cell is the actual sites of RNA synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| These parts of the cell produce neergy by breaking down nutirents through oxygenation |
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Definition
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Term
| These parts of the cell contain enzymes capable of breaking down proteins, DNA, and some carbohydrates |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the cell is believed to be a packaging area for products to be exported, carbohydrate synthesis, binding of other organic compounds to protiens |
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Definition
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