Term
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Definition
| retreating to an infantile psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated |
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Term
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Definition
| attempt made by an individual to repel one's own desires and impulses toward pleasurable instincts by excluding the desire from one's consciousness and holding or subduing it in the unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
| switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites |
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Term
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Definition
| attributing ones own impulses to others |
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Term
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Definition
| offering self justifying explanations for ones more threatening unconscious actions |
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Term
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Definition
| shifting sexual or agressive impulses to a less threatening object or person |
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Definition
| refusing to believe painful realities |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory of death related anxiety, explores peoples emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death |
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Term
| What was Carl Roger's contribution to understanding personality |
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Definition
| for a person to "grow", they need an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure), acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood). Actualization could occur if this happens |
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Term
| Describe the two primary personality dimensions in Eysenck’s theory |
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Definition
intraversion-extraversion
stability-instability |
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Term
| How stable and heritable are the Big Five factors? |
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Definition
| quite stable during adulthood |
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Term
| What is reciprocal determinism, and who proposed this concept? |
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Definition
| Bandura: a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. |
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Term
| what is learned helplessness |
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Definition
| is the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses may result from a perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situatio |
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Term
| What is an internal vs. external locus of control? |
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Definition
internal control: control your own destiny
external locus of control: outside forces beyond control determine our fate |
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Term
| what is spotlight effect? |
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Definition
| overestimations others noticing and evaluation our appearance performance, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| temperament is the biological foundation; as well develop over time, our thoughts, values, motivations, and traits evolve into our personality |
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Term
| Freud's divisions of the mind |
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Definition
preconscious mind
conscious mind
unconscious mind |
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Term
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Definition
| information is available but not currently conscious |
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Term
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Definition
| aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| thoughts, feelings, memories and other info that is not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness |
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Term
| Freud's parts of personality |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| present at birth and completely unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the personality that acts as a moral center |
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Term
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Definition
| develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical |
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Term
| What are the 5 stages of personality development proposed by Freud tied to the sexual development of a child |
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Definition
| oral, anal,phallic, latency, genital |
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Term
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Definition
| a humanist who emphasized that personality is related to needs |
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Term
| What are the BIG FIVE (ocean) |
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Definition
| Openness, Conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism |
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Term
| name two tests for personality |
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Definition
| projective tests, objective tests |
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Term
| projective test and examples |
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Definition
| present visual stimuli to the client and respond to whatever comes to mind. ex: inkblot, TAT |
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Term
| Objective Tests and examples |
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Definition
| surveys or questionnaires. NEO-PI-R, MMPI-2 |
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Term
| what is cognitive dissonance theory |
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Definition
| bringing our thoughts in line with our actions |
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Term
| Describe the 1955 study on conformity conducted by Solomon Asch |
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Definition
| puts five people at a table and tells them to match one line with the other matching line. the second time he does it, he tells four of the five to give the wrong answer and 1/3 of the time the fifth person will go along with that answer simply because the others made him feel unsure and insecure. |
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Term
| Describe normative vs. informational social influence |
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Definition
normative: we conform to avoid rejection or gain social approval.
Informational: accepting others opinions about reality |
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Term
| Describe Milgram’s classic obedience experiment |
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Definition
| takes two people. one is a teacher, one is a student. straps student to chair and the teacher delivers him agonizing shocks at the request of the experiment leader. almost everyone continues even though there is a person crying out in agony. |
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Term
| prejudice vs descrimination |
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Definition
prejudice: negative attitude
discriminnation: negative behavior |
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Term
| What is the scapegoat theory of prejudice |
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Definition
| the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. |
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Term
| frustration aggression principle |
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Definition
| the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve a goal creates anger which can generate aggression |
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Term
| What are the situations that produce the best odds of helping someone else |
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Definition
| fewer people help if others seem available |
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Term
| what is social exchange theory |
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Definition
| if the reward exceeds the cost you will help. ex: giving blood |
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Term
| What is the relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia |
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Definition
| schizophrenics have excess dopamine. may intensify brain signals that give them hallucinations |
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Term
| Describe the abnormal brain activity and anatomy in schizophrenia |
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Definition
decline in brain waves, out of sync neurons,When participants heard a voice or saw something, their brain became vigorously active in several core regions, including the thalamus, a structure deep in the brain
that filters incoming sensory signals and transmits them to the cortex. Another PET scan
study of people with paranoia found increased activity in the amygdala, a fear-processing
center |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| continuously tense and uneasy. anxiety disorder, depressed moody age 50 it is rare.tends to be disabling. sleep deprived, jittery and agitated |
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Term
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder. episodes of intense dread, terror accompanied by chest pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy, anxiety, insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience |
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Term
| dissociative identity disorder |
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Definition
| two or more distinct identities are said to alternately control the person's behavior. own voice and mannerisms |
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Term
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Definition
| drop significantly below normal weight. they feel fat or have a fear of being fat. remain obsessed with loosing weight |
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Term
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Definition
| binge eating and then vomiting, fasting, using laxatives, or excessive exercise |
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Term
| 5 risk factors and 5 protective factors for mental disorders |
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Definition
adademic failure, birth complications, chronic pain, stressful life events, low birth weight.
aerobic exercise, effective parenting, literacy, self-esteem, feelings of security |
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Term
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Definition
| is a phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| the blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material |
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Term
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Definition
| the client has control over what is discussed |
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