Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intro To Psych flashcards
1110
51
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
05/02/2015

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Regression
Definition
retreating to an infantile psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated
Term
repression
Definition
attempt made by an individual to repel one's own desires and impulses toward pleasurable instincts by excluding the desire from one's consciousness and holding or subduing it in the unconscious
Term
reaction formation
Definition
switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites
Term
projection
Definition
attributing ones own impulses to others
Term
rationalization
Definition
offering self justifying explanations for ones more threatening unconscious actions
Term
displacement
Definition
shifting sexual or agressive impulses to a less threatening object or person
Term
denial
Definition
refusing to believe painful realities
Term
terror management theory
Definition
a theory of death related anxiety, explores peoples emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death
Term
What was Carl Roger's contribution to understanding personality
Definition
for a person to "grow", they need an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure), acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood). Actualization could occur if this happens
Term
Describe the two primary personality dimensions in Eysenck’s theory
Definition
intraversion-extraversion
stability-instability
Term
How stable and heritable are the Big Five factors?
Definition
quite stable during adulthood
Term
What is reciprocal determinism, and who proposed this concept?
Definition
Bandura: a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.
Term
what is learned helplessness
Definition
is the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses may result from a perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situatio
Term
What is an internal vs. external locus of control?
Definition
internal control: control your own destiny
external locus of control: outside forces beyond control determine our fate
Term
what is spotlight effect?
Definition
overestimations others noticing and evaluation our appearance performance, etc.
Term
temperament
Definition
temperament is the biological foundation; as well develop over time, our thoughts, values, motivations, and traits evolve into our personality
Term
Freud's divisions of the mind
Definition
preconscious mind
conscious mind
unconscious mind
Term
preconscious mind
Definition
information is available but not currently conscious
Term
conscious mind
Definition
aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions
Term
unconscious mind
Definition
thoughts, feelings, memories and other info that is not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness
Term
Freud's parts of personality
Definition
Id, Superego, Ego
Term
Id
Definition
present at birth and completely unconscious
Term
Superego
Definition
part of the personality that acts as a moral center
Term
Ego
Definition
develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logical
Term
What are the 5 stages of personality development proposed by Freud tied to the sexual development of a child
Definition
oral, anal,phallic, latency, genital
Term
who was abraham maslow?
Definition
a humanist who emphasized that personality is related to needs
Term
What are the BIG FIVE (ocean)
Definition
Openness, Conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
Term
name two tests for personality
Definition
projective tests, objective tests
Term
projective test and examples
Definition
present visual stimuli to the client and respond to whatever comes to mind. ex: inkblot, TAT
Term
Objective Tests and examples
Definition
surveys or questionnaires. NEO-PI-R, MMPI-2
Term
what is cognitive dissonance theory
Definition
bringing our thoughts in line with our actions
Term
Describe the 1955 study on conformity conducted by Solomon Asch
Definition
puts five people at a table and tells them to match one line with the other matching line. the second time he does it, he tells four of the five to give the wrong answer and 1/3 of the time the fifth person will go along with that answer simply because the others made him feel unsure and insecure.
Term
Describe normative vs. informational social influence
Definition
normative: we conform to avoid rejection or gain social approval.
Informational: accepting others opinions about reality
Term
Describe Milgram’s classic obedience experiment
Definition
takes two people. one is a teacher, one is a student. straps student to chair and the teacher delivers him agonizing shocks at the request of the experiment leader. almost everyone continues even though there is a person crying out in agony.
Term
prejudice vs descrimination
Definition
prejudice: negative attitude
discriminnation: negative behavior
Term
What is the scapegoat theory of prejudice
Definition
the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Term
frustration aggression principle
Definition
the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve a goal creates anger which can generate aggression
Term
What are the situations that produce the best odds of helping someone else
Definition
fewer people help if others seem available
Term
what is social exchange theory
Definition
if the reward exceeds the cost you will help. ex: giving blood
Term
What is the relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia
Definition
schizophrenics have excess dopamine. may intensify brain signals that give them hallucinations
Term
Describe the abnormal brain activity and anatomy in schizophrenia
Definition
decline in brain waves, out of sync neurons,When participants heard a voice or saw something, their brain became vigorously active in several core regions, including the thalamus, a structure deep in the brain
that filters incoming sensory signals and transmits them to the cortex. Another PET scan
study of people with paranoia found increased activity in the amygdala, a fear-processing
center
Term
generalized anxiety disorder
Definition
continuously tense and uneasy. anxiety disorder, depressed moody age 50 it is rare.tends to be disabling. sleep deprived, jittery and agitated
Term
panic disorder
Definition
an anxiety disorder. episodes of intense dread, terror accompanied by chest pain.
Term
PTSD
Definition
haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy, anxiety, insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Term
dissociative identity disorder
Definition
two or more distinct identities are said to alternately control the person's behavior. own voice and mannerisms
Term
anorexia nervosa
Definition
drop significantly below normal weight. they feel fat or have a fear of being fat. remain obsessed with loosing weight
Term
bullemia nervosa
Definition
binge eating and then vomiting, fasting, using laxatives, or excessive exercise
Term
5 risk factors and 5 protective factors for mental disorders
Definition
adademic failure, birth complications, chronic pain, stressful life events, low birth weight.
aerobic exercise, effective parenting, literacy, self-esteem, feelings of security
Term
transference
Definition
is a phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another.
Term
resistance
Definition
the blocking from consciousness of anxiety laden material
Term
client centered therapy
Definition
the client has control over what is discussed
Supporting users have an ad free experience!