Term
| Democracy: Representative |
|
Definition
- Liberal democracy: right to participate, idea of protecting autonomy of individuals, limiting the power of the sovereign state
- still has boundaries in terms of social contract
- political institutions in place to protect the boundaries of democracy; leaders don't rule arbitrarily
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- People should be able to deliberate amongst themselves
- Degree of independence from those who govern them
- Civil society acts as a check on gov't
- Autonomous group activity
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- officials chosen in frequent, fair elections
- universal suffrage
- right to free expression
- access to alternative sources of information
- Citizens should have the right to form indeoendent organizations and associations
- decentralist: fragmentation of political power, different levels of gov't
- Centripital: strong unified gov't
|
|
|
Term
| Popular and Constitutional democracy |
|
Definition
- popular: notion of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices of empowerment and concretization of popular will, freedom of political expression, right to vote, free/fair elections
- constitutional:a system of government based on popular sovereignty in which the structures, powers,and limits of government are set forth in a constitution, institutional limits on good gov't, limits on executive authority, guarantee on individual and collective rights
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Elections; participation; meaningful free and fair
- constraints on individuals who are in the state
- accountability and transparency
|
|
|
Term
| Democracy: Rights and Liberties/ Interpretations |
|
Definition
- gov't can determine how rights and liberties are interpreted, but cannot eliminate them
- Minimal rights include: right to life/security, property, expression, religion, conscience,right to vote, right to assembly, right to movement, equal treatment under the law
- right to publicly funded healthcare, education
|
|
|
Term
| Democracy: General Welfare |
|
Definition
- depends on how you look at the main point of the state
- speaks to the division of equality of opportunity, and equality of condition(everybody has the same place in life; no classes)
- Made in America(documentary): created ghetto by only allowing mortgages for blacks in certain areas
|
|
|
Term
| Democracy: Athens 461-322 BC |
|
Definition
- Rule by the people
- Aristotle: need to seperate powers
- Citizens were men(wome, slaves, foreign citizens excluded)
- Time consuming and complex
- Democratic rights for a community
- Idea of citizens as opposed to subjects
- Plato: Who guards the Guardians?
- Middle Ages: rediscovered Athenian democracy
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- power of state grew as power of church declined
- Reformation: Luther(95 Theses); unintended consequences, freedom, fighting for minorities to worship as the choose
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Old patterns of economic life destroyed/channged feudalism/monarchism
- space for more diversity
- Barrington Moore Jr: social orgins of dicatorship and democracy
- No bourgeoisie, no democracy
- bourgeoisie demanded rights
|
|
|
Term
| Democracy: WWII and Cold War |
|
Definition
- WWII: very hard to legitimize political exclusion when people fought and died for your country
- Cold War: a lot of theorizing on justyfying liberal democracy, hey dey of middle class, wages were good, standard of living increased
- fear of people being attracted to socialist ideas
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- C.B Macpherson
- participatory democracy
- Contribution of individuals
- Political equality
- Being able to acces things like education to provide for better participation in public life
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- the totality of governmental institutions, officials, laws amd procedures in a country
- monopoly of legal authority
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- " a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force withing a given territory"
- Territory, peopl, form of rule, recognizable by others
- ways people justify authority
- Traditional: by blood(monarchy)
- Legal Rational: democratic States
- Charismatic:based on the charisma of a leader(stalin, Hitler)
- Weber recognized that all leaders use a variation of all 3
|
|
|
Term
| State: Sovereignty/Legitimacy/Autonomy |
|
Definition
- sovereignty: undivided power to make laws
- both internal and external policy
- Legitimacy: right to rule
- Subjects to a gov't recognize the gov'ts right to make decisions
- Autonomy: state has to be relatively autonomous within its population
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- The Executive: Head of state(usually ceremonial/neutral), head of government(supervises the executive branch; can be same person or two diff people
- The Legislature: Chief function is to make laws represent people in the law making process, parlimentary system(approves head of gov't, there is a vote of no confidence), Presidential system( no such thing as vote of no confidence), Bicameral: house +senate, unicameral: one house
- The Judiciary: depending on type of state significance varies
- The Bureaucracy: advise political decision makers about policy, idea is that bureaucrats are experts, implement policies as well
- The Military: Junta( run by military command), Coup d'etat( forceful military takeover of state power)
- The Constitution: distribution of sovereignty, seperation of powers, lines of accountability, can be written or unwritten
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Hobbes: class of ambitions, ruler who needs to keep you in check
- Locke agreed that government is neccessary, but people have ultimate authority
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- representative
- limited: gov't limited by laws and represent the population
- Laws
- Competition: framework for competiotion through elections
- Individual Rights
|
|
|
Term
| Illiberal/Authoritarian/Totalitarian |
|
Definition
- Illiberal: controlled elections, often manipulation before the count of votes, existing rulers manipulate media, laws
- Authoritarian: gov't has all control
- Totalitarian: public participation fairly limited
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- growing global interconnectedness of governments, non-state actors and people through political, economic, technological, cultural, environmental, and other interactions
|
|
|
Term
| Intergovernmental Organizations |
|
Definition
- EU, UN etc
- Often operate more informally than states do
- some argue that it dilutes the distinction between what a state influences internationally
- others argue that international organizations rely on state as members
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Political: matters who governs, World Bank, IMF
- International Security: Nuclear proliferation, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968
- Terrorism: not confined to one country, use globalization
- The Environment: Government incentives, Kyoto Proticol 1997, water wars: privatization of water
|
|
|
Term
| Immigration/Refugee Flows |
|
Definition
- Immigration Flows: distress in one country produces flows to other countries( famine, civil war, political instability)
- Since early 2000's immigration has been greatly restricted
- More physical and security barriers(treating immigrants as terrorists
- Racism
|
|
|
Term
| Telecommunication/Media/Culture |
|
Definition
- Telecommunication: real time info important
- Gulf war/ wars in Yugoslavia: beginning of real time news(1991)
- Culture: proliferation of english
|
|
|
Term
| Public Health/Law Enforcement |
|
Definition
- Health: political and security concern, can be a threat to many(AIDS, SARS, H1N1), international cooperation amongst governments
- Pharmaceutical companies: what they do and don't do to contain epidemics, cure diseases
- Law Enforcement: international crime, greater ties, communication, transport etc, drug trafficking, human trafficking
- People are more disposable now that they have ever been (cost of someone who is trafficked now is on average $400)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Millenium goals: eradicate poverty, imporve access to education etc, supposed to be achieved by 2015; nowhere near that goal now
- UN is state based; harder to do stuff unlike more civil groups
- Does globalization hinder democracy?-> some argue it lays ground work through foreign investment , involvement, and social media, others say that it hinders because richer countries go into poorer countries looking to control them and their resources
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- a group of people who share a common identity based on distinguishing characteristics and a claim to a territorial homeland
- Nationalism is the sense that political borders should be congruent with national borders
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- political ideas that emphasize the unity and distinctiveness of a given nation, specifies common interest and prescribes goals for action
- sees nation as highest political priority
- political call to action
|
|
|
Term
| Ethnicity and Nationalism |
|
Definition
- primordialist: ancient ethnic hatred, inborn
- Intrumentalist:ethnicity is organized as a means to a particular end
- Constructivist: nations are socially constructed
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Joseph Graves- 5 Pillars of Racist Thought- Exist, intelligence, diseases, sexuality and reproduction, athletic and musical ability
- Apartheid: bantustans
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- class identity: socioeconomic class, subjective oir quantitative, can affect how you vote
- Gender identity: gender v sex, socialization, political power and economic resources
- Religious Identity: Seperation of Church and State, established Church
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Set of guidelines that delineatess what the role and nature of government should be and prescribes the main goals people should pursue through political action
- manageable, deeper meaning, communal loyalty, legitimate authority, definition of action
- Geertz " ideology as a cultural system"
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 1847 Communist Manifesto, class conflict, superstructure, historical meterialism, scientific socalism, socialist revolution,
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Nationalist, racist, corporatist, militarist, devotion to state
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Evisceration of the rule of law
- Elite Immunity+Prison State
- Law as coercive tool of the elite
|
|
|
Term
| Forms of authoritarian rule |
|
Definition
- Communist State:Party, social Space
- Communist China: 1949-CCP and PLA, nationalism
- Military Regimes: coup d'etat, junta, rule by fear
- Royal Family Regimes: Persian Gulf States, people have to petition royal family, at the whim of the ruler
- Theocracy: Iran
- Autocracy: one person rule
- Oligarchy: rule by few
- Plutocracy: rule by the wealthy
- Totalitarian: government domination
|
|
|
Term
| Common Characteristics of Authoritarian Rule |
|
Definition
- Laws: vague and contradictory, no reliable constitutional structure, makes it much easuer for leaders to be above the law,makes it easier to control them
- Civil Rights: powerless poorly treated
- Economy: property rights issues, rent seeking
- Politically: Succession issue; whos gunna take over, leaves authoritarian regimes weak
- Control of Military: lack of seperation from civilian, high spending on military, lack of seperation between military and politics
- Control of Patronage:patron client pyramids, corruption, institutional instability, alliances often weak and change
- Control of Media: coercion
|
|
|
