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| Written by Plato: About Socrates and Euthyphro - definition of holiness. |
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| A friend of Socrates. Tries to convince him to escape jail. Socrates refuses and says that he chose to live in this community and therefore must follow its rules. |
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| The last hours of Socrates life. Talks to Crito and Phaedo about how living is a disease and it takes away from knowing who we truly are. He gives three arguments, the argument of opposites, the theory of recollection, and the argument from affinity. |
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| By Plato: Defines Justice. |
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| Defines justice as following one's legal obligation. What does Socrates say to this? |
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| Tries to defend his father's definition, but alters it a little. He says it means to render one his due. To help your friends and hurt your enemies. What does Socrates say so this? |
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| Says that justice is the advantage of the stronger. "Might is right." What does Socrates say to this? |
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| By Aristotle. Goodness is what we strive for. To be a good person, be the best at what you're good at (Plato). You are no longer a child when you are willing and able to engage in politics. |
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| Taught by Aristotle: When he died, Athens wanted everything he created to die along with him, including Aristotle. He left Athens and said he leaves now so that Athens doesn't sin twice against philosophy (Athens also killed Socrates). |
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| Vegetative, Animal/Sensory, Reason |
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| The best possible existence, "flourishing." Aristotle's most important thing. |
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Aristotle
Telos: goal of your life/what you strive for
Teleology: study of final ends. |
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| A virtue you can determine with practical wisdom. Both excess and deficit of a virtue is a failure. You should try to balance virtues in accord with your social situation and wealth. Ex. If you're a firefighter, you should be pretty brave. If you're an accountant, you aren't expected to be brave. |
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| By Epicurus: It is never to late to secure the health of your soul. Don't attach things to a god by saying, "God wants me to be successful," because god doesn't care about you. Do not fear the after life because when you are dead you haven o senses and can't experience heaven or hell. |
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Epicurus
4 Medicines for Life:
1) Don't fear gods
2) Don't fear death
3) What is good is easy to obtain.
4) What is bad is easy to avoid. |
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Epicurus
1) Natural and Necessary (hunger)
2) Natural and Unnecessary (sex)
3) Unnatural and Unnecessary (making $) |
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| Don't under or over indulge. Epicurus' most important thing. |
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| By Epictetus. "Of all existing things, some are in our power and others are not in our power." You shouldn't be upset by things you cannot control. If your wife dies understand that all humans die and move on. Rather than taking pride of what isn't in your control, take pride in what you can control (decisions/actions). Evil is in our judgment. |
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| Epictetus studied it and taught on the steps (porch). A stoic should be quiet, laugh only when needed, reflect what you believe, have just what you need. Must work your mind. Evil is in our judgment. |
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| =Fate. Logos is the giver and it controls everything. Your life is predetermined by logos. When someone dies or you lose your estate, you're giving it back to the giver. Epictetus |
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Epictetus
1) Order desires/overcome fears.
2) Perform duties that fate assigns you.
3) Think clearly/judge accurately. |
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