Term
| True or False? In completion drive systems, oil recovery rates are very low, as low as 5 to 30% |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false? Dissolved gas and gas-cap drive maintains pressure higher and longer that water drive, allowing for high recovery rates |
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Definition
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Term
| at 5478 feet, the initial reservoir pressure is ~3200 psi. is the reservoir overpressured, underpressured, or normally pressured? ( assume a leniency in data of about 3%) |
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Definition
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Term
| draw an anticlinal trap that is gas cap driven. Label the following: gas cap, oil, water ogc, owc, synclinal spill point and bottom water |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the differences between absolute permeability and relative permeability. |
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Definition
| absolute permeability is the permeability with reference to a single fluid, while relative permeability is the permeability with respect to multi-phase flow. (i.e. because permeability is an area, two fluids cannot occupy the same flow space) |
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Term
| true or false: unconventional reservoirs account for <30% of total us production. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Plot of producing rate vs time. They are used to extrapolate future production rates and are independent of reservoir properties. How production rate of a well declines. |
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Term
| sketch a realistic, desirable cumulative cashflow diagram and explain what is happening at the major points in the plot. |
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Definition
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Term
| using the expected flow rate equation and monte carlo simulation, what variable allows the greatest change in well flow for the investment cost? |
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Definition
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Term
| fill in what happens in the system for a water drive oil reservoir. Reservoir pressure—reservoir production rate—producing gor—water production—well behavior. |
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Definition
| Reservoir pressure¬¬¬___remains high______reservoir production rate__oil rate drops off slowly but total fluid rate remains high_____producing gor___remains low_____water production__starts early and increases continuosly______well behavior__ flow until water reaches well |
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Term
| which sector utilizes the most US produced natural gas? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A unit of measurement for natural gas. It is equivalent to 1 billion MCF, or 1,000,000,000,000 ( 1 trillion) standard cubic feet of gas.
Heat 15 million homes for
one year;
• Generate 100 billion
kilowatthours
of electricity;
• Fuel 12 million natural gasfired
vehicles for one year. |
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Term
| fluid flow in the reservoir will be determined by ______,________, and _______ |
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Definition
| permeability systems, pressure systems, structural and stratigraphic features |
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Term
| there is a reservoir being stimulated. Testing shows that the vertical stresses in the reservoir are greater than that of the horizontal stresses. After hydraulic fracturing, the fracture aims in a ______ direction. The well should be drilled in the ________ direction in order to maximize efficiency. |
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Definition
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Term
| half of all natural gas consumed today is produced from wells drilled within the last______ years. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a green completion? |
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Definition
| The water used to frack the well is removed. The natural gas that is produced with the water is then removed and placed in a pipeline rather than being released into the atmosphere. |
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Term
| three factors have come together to make shale gas production economically viable. What are they? |
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Definition
| Advances in horizontal drilling, advances in hydraulic fracturing, and rapid increases in natural gas prices. |
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Term
| name 3 things that must be done prior to horizontal drilling( out of 5) |
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Definition
| identify a baseline of potential contaminants in aquifer, identify barriers to hydraulic frac growth in the reservoir, conduct a reservoir model, water sources and disposal, logistics |
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Term
| list 7 components of the AFE (out of 11) |
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Definition
| signature page, cost worksheet, geologic section, production engineering, reservoir engineering, facilities engineering, directional drilling targets, casing equipment, drilling progress and cost charts, permits, drilling program and procedure |
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Term
| what does AFE stand for and what is its purpose? |
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Definition
| stands for authority for expenditure. The purpose is to provide a list of costs of drilling a well, completing it or abandoning it. This list is provided to partners for approval prior to commencement of drilling or subsequent operations. Failure to prove an authority for expenditure may lead to delays or cancellation of proposed drilling. |
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Term
| __________ has allowed the pursuit of reservoirs with much lower permeability. |
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Definition
| increased reservoir contact |
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Term
| what is the definition of “unconventional oil and gas”? |
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Definition
| petroleum produced or extracted using methods and techniques different than the conventional oil/gas well method |
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Term
| the constant Bo is the formation volume factor of a well, or the ratio of reservoir barrels to stock tank barrels( volume of oil in the stock tank). A value of 1 represents a dead oil. Explain why. |
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Definition
| The oil in the reservoir contains gas in solution, a driving mechanism. If there is no driving mechanism then no more production can naturally take place. |
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Term
| when considering horizontal drilling, what is the best type of orientation with respect to the fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the payout point?(aka the break-even point) |
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Definition
| the point at which the sum of all revenue is equivalent to the sum of all investment costs. |
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Term
| what is the cleanest burning fossil fuel? ( this is on a blue box in the shale primer) |
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Definition
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Term
| another blue box from shale primer |
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Definition
Shale gas resource estimates are likely
to change as new information,
additional experience, and advances in
technology become available. |
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Term
blue box - The first producing gas well in the U.S. was
completed in ? |
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Definition
1821 in Devonianaged
shale near the town of Fredonia, New York. |
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Term
Key Gas Resource Terms
Proved Reserves:
technically recoverable resources
Original GasInPlace: |
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Definition
Proved Reserves: That portion of
recoverable resources that is
demonstrated by actual production or
conclusive formation tests to be
technically, economically, and legally
producible under existing economic and
operating conditions.
Technically Recoverable Resources:
The total amount of resource,
discovered and undiscovered, that is
thought to be recoverable with
available technology, regardless of
economics.
Original GasInPlace:
The entire
volume of gas contained in the
reservoir, regardless of the ability to
produce it. |
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Term
| process of shale gas development |
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Definition
mineral leasing
permits
road and pad construction
drilling and completion
hydraulic fracturing
production
workovers
plugging and adandonment/ reclamation |
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