Term
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Definition
| The right of the legislators, judges, and government executives to speak without threat of libel when acting in their official capacities. |
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Definition
| The ethical philosophy that there is a fixed set of principles or laws from which there is no deviation. To the absolutist journalist, the end never justifies the means. |
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Definition
| A prepublication check with sources to go over the facts in the story. |
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| Reckless disregard of the truth. |
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| Protection for reporters to write anything about an office holder or candidate unless they know that the material is false or they recklessly disregard the truth. |
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Definition
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| A typewritten page of copy following the first page. "First add" would be the second page of a typewritten copy. |
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Definition
| A report dealing with the subjects and issues to be dealt with in an upcoming meeting or event. |
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Definition
| The department of the newspaper responsible for advertisements. Most advertising departments have classified and display ad sections. |
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Definition
| One in the television studio who ties together the newscast by reading the news and providing transitions from one story to the next. |
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Definition
| A newspaper story beginning that uses humor or an interesting incident. |
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Definition
| An informative and entertaining story within a story. |
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Definition
| The focus of, or approach to, a story. The latest develepoment in a continuing controversy, the key play in a football game, or the tragedy of a particular death in a mass disaster may serve as an angle. |
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Definition
| The ethical philosophy that recognizes no rules. An antinomian journalist judges every ethical situation on its own merits. Unlike the situation ethicist, the antinomian does not use love of neighbors as an absolute. |
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Definition
| The Associated Press, a worldwide news gathering cooperative owned by its subscribers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Associated Press Managing Editors, an organization of managing editors and editors whose papers are members of the AP. |
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Definition
| A court proceeding at which a defendant is informed of the charge. At the proceeding, the defendant is asked to enter a plea, and bail may be set. |
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Definition
| A term used to describe typical or representative members of a group. In mathematical terms, it refers to the result obtained when a set of numbers is added together and then divided by the number of items in the set. |
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Definition
| Information that may be attributed to a source by a title, but not by name; for example, "a White House aid said." |
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Definition
| Story that explains and updates the news. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reporter's assigned are of responsibility. A beat may be an institution, such as the courthouse; a geographical area, such as a small town; or a subject, such as science. The term also refers to an exclusive story. |
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Definition
| A web page produced by a group of an individual. The writing is primarily opinion-based but sometimes includes original reporting. |
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Definition
| An old-fashioned term for the arrest sheet that summarizes the bare facts of an arrest. Today this information is almost always kept in a computer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assembled sheets of paper, usually newsprint, and carbon paper on which reporters prepare stories. Books are not used with modern computerized processes. |
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Definition
| A from of searching full-text databases in which the operators AND, OR and NOT are used to narrow the search. |
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Definition
| A story, usually short, that is humorous or pleasing to the reader. It is also called a bright. |
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Definition
| A news-gathering office maintained by a newspaper at a place other than its central location. Papers may have bureaus in the next country, in the state capital, in Washington D.C., or in foreign countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| The director of a newspaper's news operations in a remote site or bureau. |
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Definition
| The newspaper department that handles billing, accounting and related functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A line of text identifying the author of a story. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more newspapers owned by a single person or corporation. Also know as a group. The American chain owning the most newspapers is Gannett. |
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Definition
| An order transferring a court proceeding to another jurisdiction for prosecution. This often occurs when a party in a case claims that local media coverage has prejudiced prospective jurors. |
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Definition
| The department responsible for distribution of the newspaper. |
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Definition
| Journalism produced by people who are untrained journalists. Also known as participatory journalism. |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual (also know as the metropolitan or metro, editor) in charge of the city desk, which coordinates local news-gathering operations. At some papers the desk also handles regional and state news done by its own reporters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Statutes under which an individual or a group can take action against another individual or group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stories clipped from your own or other newspapers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A direct questions designed to draw a specific response: for example, "Will you be a candidate?" |
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Term
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Definition
| Advertising on a web site directed to likely users of that site based on demographic profiles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Magazine columnist who works under contract and not as an employee of the magazine. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of structuring an experiment to that the only forces affecting the outcome are the variables you are observing. |
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Term
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Definition
| The melding of two or more forms of communication from among print (usually a newspaper or magazine); radio, broadcast or cable television; the internet; and mobile phones or other wireless devices. |
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Term
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Definition
| What reporters write. A story is a piece of copy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The desk at which final editing of stories is done, headlines are written and pages are designed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who checks, polishes and corrects stories written by reporters. Usually copy editors write headlines for those stories, and sometimes they decide how to arrange stories and pictures on a page. |
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Term
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Definition
| To keep abreast of significant developments on a beat or to report on a specific event. The reporter covering the police beat may be assigned to cover a murder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Statutes under which a grand jury or an officer of the court can take action against an individual. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The caption that accompanies a newspaper or magazine photograph. The term dates from the days when photos were reproduced with etched zinc plates, called cuts. |
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Term
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Definition
| A computerized information bank, usually accessed by newspapers on a subscription basis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The time by which a reporter, editor or desk must have completed scheduled work. |
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Term
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Definition
| Information that may be used but that cannot be attributed to either a person or a position. |
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Term
| Delayed-Identification Lead |
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Definition
| Opening paragraph of a story in which the "who" is identified by occupation, city, office or any me ands other than by name. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used by reporters to refer to the city editor's or copy editor's position, as in, "The desk wants this story by noon." |
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Term
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Definition
| Entry-level positions in television news rooms. Desk assistants handle routine news assignments such as monitoring wire services and listening to police scanners. |
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Term
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Definition
| One in which newsworthy events occur over several days or weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| To question or investigate thoroughly, as in, "Let's do some digging into those campaign reports." |
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Term
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Definition
| The top-ranking individual in the news department of a newspaper, also known as the editor in chief. The term may refer as well to those at any level who edit copy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The news department of a newspaper, responsible for all content of the newspaper except advertising. At some papers this term refers to the department responsible for the editorial page only. |
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Term
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Definition
| To ink ext the reporter's or the newspaper's opinion into a news story or headline. Most newspapers restrict opinion to analysis stories, columns, and editorials. |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual in charge of the editorial page and, at larger newspapers, the op-ed (opposite editorial) page. |
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Term
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Definition
| The television executive with overall responsibility for the look of the television newscast. |
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Term
| Fair Comment and Criticism |
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Definition
| Opinion delivered on the performance of anyone in the public eye. Such opinion is legally protected if reporters do not misstate any of the facts on which they base their comments or criticism, and it is not malicious. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stories that have little or no breaking news. |
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Term
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Definition
| Serious crime punishable by death or imprisonment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A research technique in which the reporter deliberately takes some action to observe the effects. For example, a perfectly tuned automobile could be taken to several repair shops to find out if the mechanics would invent problems that required fixing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behind-the-scenes television reporter who often does much of the field work for a network's on-camera correspondents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple databases that do not permit sophisticated searches. An address database is an example. |
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Term
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Definition
| A story supplying further information about an item that has already been published; folo is an alternate spelling. |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique of teasing readers with material coming later in the story as a way of encouraging them to keep reading. |
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Term
| Freedom of Information Act |
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Definition
| A U.S. law passed in 1966 to make it easier to obtain information from federal agencies. The law was amended in 1974 to improve access to government records. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unstructured data depositories into which any kind of data or any type of element may be placed. |
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Term
| Free-press/fair Databases |
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Definition
| The conflict between a defendant's right to an impartial jury and a reporter's responsibility to inform the public. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sophisticated databases that permit the user to search for any word or phrase that appears. Newspapers and television text libraries are examples. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection, filed according to date, of newspapers clippings, letters, notes and other information to remind editors of stories to assign. |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual responsible for the business operations of a newspaper. Some newspaper chains award this title to the top-ranking local executive. |
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Term
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Definition
| A shortened form of paragraph, as in, "Give me to grafs on that fire." |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually, the editor responsible for all nonphotographic illustrations in a newspaper, including information graphics, maps, and illustrations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lead that reports a new development or newly discovered fact. |
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Term
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Definition
| Coverage of the actions of government or business; or the reporting of an event, such as a crime, an accident or a speech. The time element often is important. |
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Term
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Definition
| A piece valued more for its emotional impact or oddity than for its importance. |
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Term
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Definition
| In investigative reporting the statement a reporter expects to be able to prove, as in, "The mayor took a bribe from that massage parlor." In an experiment the statement of what a researcher hopes to find. |
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Term
| Immediate-Identification Lead |
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Definition
| The opening paragraph of a story in which the "who" is reported by name. |
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Term
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Definition
| A document issued by a grand jury that certifies there is sufficient evidence against a person accused of a crime to warrant holding that person for trial. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term that describes the rising cost of living as time goes by. |
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Term
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Definition
| A visual representation of data. |
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Term
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Definition
| Violation of a person's right to be left alone. |
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Term
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Definition
| The organization of a news story in which information is arranged in descending order of importance. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pursuit of information that has been concealed, such as evidence of wrongdoing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Investigative Reporters and Editors, a group created to exchange information and investigative reporting techniques. IRE has it's headquarters at the University of Missouri School of Journalism. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of preparing page drawings to indicate where stories and pictures are to be placed in the newspaper. |
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Term
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Definition
| The completed page drawing, or dummy. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) The first paragraph or first several paragraphs of a newspaper story (sometimes spelled lede); (2) The story given the best display on Page One; (3) a tip. |
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Term
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Definition
| An introduction to a filmed or recorded excerpt from a news source of from another reporter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The major story displayed at the top of Page One. |
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Term
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Definition
| Damage to a person's reputation caused by a false written statement that brings the person into hatred, contempt, or ridicule, or injures his or her business or occupational pursuit. |
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Term
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Definition
| The leader of a news-gathering team. Reporters, copy editors, editors and graphic designers work with a maestro to create special reports. |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual with primary responsibility for day-to-day operation of the news department. |
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Term
| Margin of Error (Sampling Error) |
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Definition
| In surveys, the range within which you can be confident of accuracy. A survey with a margin of error of 3 percent, for example, typically has a 95 percent change of being accurate within 3 percent above or below the exact result. An allowance must be made in any survey for the possibility that the sample questioned may not be exactly like all other members of the population. The margin of error varies with the size of the sample population, and should be reported in every news story about a survey. |
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Term
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Definition
| The middle number in a series arranged in order of size; it is often use when an average would be misleading. |
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Term
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Definition
| Minor criminal offenses, including most traffic violations, which usually result in a fine or brief confinement in a local jail. |
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Term
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Definition
| Designation used at the end of a page of copy to indicate there are one or more additional pages. |
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Term
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Definition
| The newspaper library, where published stories, photographs and resource material are stored for reference. |
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Term
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Definition
| The opening paragraph of a story that reports two or more newsworthy elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| The telling of a story, usually in chronological order. |
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Term
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Definition
| The legal standard that require reporters to use the same care in gathering facts and writing a story as any reasonable individual would under similar circumstances. |
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Term
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Definition
| A television reporter who delivers the news on camera. Network correspondents may or may not do the actual news-gathering for their stories. |
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Term
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Definition
| The emerging forms of computer-delivered news. |
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Term
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Definition
| The top news executive of a local television station. |
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Term
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Definition
| The supervisor of the copy desk. At some newspapers, this title is used for the person in charge of local news-gathering operations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A story that sums up the news in the first paragraph or two and then goes to chronology rather that ranking the information in descending order of importance. |
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Term
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Definition
| An item, also called a handout or press release, that is sent out by a group or individual seeking publicity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The place, sometimes called the city room, where reporters and editors work. |
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Term
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Definition
| A story that emphasizes the facts, often written in inverted pyramid style. |
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Term
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Definition
| How important or interesting a story is. |
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Term
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Definition
| Information that may not be ascribed to a source. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paragraph that summarizes the key element or elements of the story. Usually found in a story not written in inverted pyramid form. Also called a nut graf. |
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Term
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Definition
| One who gathers news for television but does not report on the air. |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually means, "Don't quote me." Some sources and reporters, however, use it to mean, "Don't print this." Phrases with similar, and equally ambiguous meanings are "not for attribution" and for background only." |
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Term
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Definition
| The page opposite the editorial page, frequently reserved for columns, letters to the editor and personality profiles. |
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Term
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Definition
| One that permits the respondent some latitude in the answer; for example, "How did you get involved in politics?" |
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Term
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Definition
| State and federal laws, often called sunshine laws, guaranteeing access to meetings of public officials. |
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Term
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Definition
| State and federal laws guaranteeing access to many--but not all--kinds of government records. |
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Term
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Definition
| One who designs newspaper or magazine pages. |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique of presenting ideas in similar grammatical forms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A paraphrase digests, condense and clarifies a quotation to convey the meaning more precisely or succinctly than the way in which the speaker's words express it. Quotation marks are eliminated. |
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Term
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Definition
| A research technique in which the reporter joins in the activity he or she wants to write about. |
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Term
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Definition
| Money or gifts given in the expectation of favors from journalists. |
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Term
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Definition
| Latin term meaning "by heads". It is determined by dividing a total figure--such as a budget--by the number of people to which it applies. |
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Term
| Personal Digital Assistants |
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Definition
| Devices such as the PalmPilot that permit user to organize data and usually send and receive textual information. |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual who advises editors on the use of photographs in the newspaper. The photo editor also may supervise the photography department. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of any part of another's writing and passing it off as one's own. To avoid plagiarism, a writer must attribute all direct and indirect quotations, as well as paraphrases, to the original source. |
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Term
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Definition
| A shortened form of display. A good story may be played at the top of Page One; a weak one may be played inside. |
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Term
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Definition
| The measurement of opinion by questioning members of some small group chosen at random so as to be representative of the entire group. A poll is also referred to as a survey or public opinion poll. |
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Term
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Definition
| In scientific language, the whole group being studied. Depending on the study the population may be, for example, voters in St. Louis, physicians in California or all residents of the United States. |
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Term
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Definition
| A court hearing held to determine whether there is probable cause that a defendant committed a crime and whether the defendant should be bound over for grand jury action or trial in a higher court. |
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Term
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Definition
| The machine that prints the newspaper. Also a synonym for journalism, as in the phrase "freedom of the press". Sometimes used to denote print journalism, as distinguished from broadcast journalism. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person hired to gain publicity for a client. The tactics used, often called press agentry, might include the staging of interviews or stunts designed to attract the attention of reporters. |
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Term
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Definition
| The section of a stadium or arena set aside for reporters |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who witnesses or participates in an event or an authentic document from an event. |
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Term
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Definition
| A defense against libel that claims the right to repeat what government officials say or do in their official capacities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The department of the newspaper that transforms the work of the news and advertising departments into the finished product. The composing room and press room are key sections of this department. |
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Term
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Definition
| A story intended to reveal the personality or character of an institution or person. |
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Term
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Definition
| Puts something in proper relation to something else--explains specific numbers in the news by relating them to the size or magnitude of the whole. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who has assumed a role of prominence in the affairs of society and who has persuasive power and influence in a community or who has thrust himself or herself to the forefront of a public controversy. Courts have given journalists more latitude in reporting on public figures. |
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Term
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Definition
| The new (or rediscovered) approach to journalism that emphasizes connections with the community rather than separation from it. Among the newspapers best know for practicing public journalism are the Wichita (Kan.) Eagle and The Charlotte (N.C.) Observer. |
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Term
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Definition
| The top-ranking executive of a newspaper. This title often is assumed by the owner, although chains sometimes designate as publisher the top local executive. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most prestigious of journalism awards. It was established by Joseph Pulitzer and is administered by Colombian University. |
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Term
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Definition
| The right to report what government officials say or do in their official capacities if the report is full, fair and accurate. Also called conditional privilege. |
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Term
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Definition
| As a noun, the term refers to a source's exact words, as in, "I have a great quote here." As a verb, it means to report those words inside the quotation marks. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mathematical process used to assure that every member of a population being studied has an equal chance of being chosen for questioning or observation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount or degree of something measured in relation to a unit of something else or to a specified scale. In statistics, rate often expresses that incidence of a condition per 100,000 people, such as a murder or suicide rate. Rate also can reflect the speed at which something is changing, such as inflation or the percentage increase in a budget each year. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the newspaper featured regularly that contains such information as routine police and fire news, births, obituaries, marriages, and divorces. |
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Term
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Definition
| Technology that permits users to compare data in two separate databases. Journalists have used this to win many Pulitzers Prizes. Relational databases permit a reporter to do such operations as match lists of school bus drivers with drunk-driving convictions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person whose job it is to gather and write the news for a publication or a broadcast outlet. |
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Term
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Definition
| To write the story again in an effort to improve it. It also means to take information over the telephone from a reporter in the field and mold it into a story. |
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Term
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Definition
| A story including a number of related events. After a storm, for example, a reporter might do a roundup of accidents, power outages and other consequences of the storm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Really simple syndication permits the delivery of Web updates to a user's computer. The information is usually a blog entry, a news item or a podcast. |
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Term
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Definition
| A portion of a group, or population, chosen for study as representative of the entire group. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lead that concentrated on a description of an environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| One who talked to witnesses, such as a public safety official investigating a crime. The witness would be a primary source. |
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Term
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Definition
| A second version of a story already published, also called a second-day story. It usually has news information or a new angle. |
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Term
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Definition
| One who edits sections of major magazine. |
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Term
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Definition
| A title reserved for a magazine's best and most experienced reporters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more stories on the same or related subjects, published on a predetermined schedule. |
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Term
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Definition
| An aspect or type of journalism that recognizes usefulness as one of the criteria of news. Taking into consideration content and presentation, service journalism presents useful information in a usable way, for instance, placing key information in a list or graphic box. |
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Term
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Definition
| In broadcasting, an introductory statement to pique the interest of listeners or viewers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legislation giving journalists the right to protect the identity of sources. |
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Term
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Definition
| Television news specialist who produces individual newscasts and reports to the executive producer. |
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Term
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Definition
| A second story intended to be run with a major story on the same topic. A story about a disaster, for example, may have a sidebar that tells what happened to a single victim. |
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Term
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Definition
| The philosophy that recognizes that a set of rules can be broken when circumstances dictate the community will be served better by it. For example, a journalist who believes it normally unethical to deceive a news sources may be willing to conceal his or her identity to infiltrate a group operating illegally. |
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Term
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Definition
| A word that identifies a story as it is processed through the newspaper plant. It is usually placed in the upper left-hand corner of each take of the story. |
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Term
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Definition
| The preliminary phase of an investigation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lead that uses a quote, anecdote or other literary device to attract the reader. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stories about trends, personalities or lifestyles. The time element usually is not important. |
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Term
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Definition
| An audio to accompany a story in television or, more recently, that is available even on newspaper Web sites as a supplement to the printed product. |
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Term
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Definition
| People or records from which a reporter gets information. The term often is used to describe persons, as opposed to documents. |
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Term
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Definition
| A timely report of an event that is unfolding at the moment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Computer program adept at managing numbers. Often used for budgets. |
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Term
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Definition
| The term most journalists use for a newspaper article. Another synonym is piece, as in "I saw your piece on the mayor." A long story may be called a takeout or a blockbuster. |
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Term
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Definition
| A book of standard usage within newspaper text. It includes rules on grammar, punctuation, capitalization and abbreviation. The AP and UPI publish similar stylebooks that are used by most papers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The correctness of the essential elements of a story. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first paragraph of a news story in which the writer presents a synopsis of two or more actions rather than focusing on any one of them. |
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Term
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Definition
| A page of typewritten copy for newspaper use. |
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Term
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Definition
| A designation used to mark the end of a newspaper story. The symbol # is an alternate designation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A file of upcoming events kept on paper or computer at the assignment of desks of most news organizations. |
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Term
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| The sentence or sentences relating a story to events covered in a previous story. Used in follow-up or continuing stories or in parts of a series of stories. Also, the technique of referring to the opening in the ending o the story. |
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| A fragment of information that may lead to a story; also called a lead. |
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| In stories focusing on one person or perspective, writers include a statement reflecting the opinions of those who disagree with the person you are featuring, as in "To be sure, not everyone agrees." |
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| A word, phrase, sentence or paragraph that moves the reader from one thought to the next and shows the relationship between them. |
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| A technique in which a reporter pretends to be someone else in order to gain access to otherwise unobtainable information. |
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| A copy desk that edits material for all editorial departments of a newspaper. |
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| A type of follow that reports on a development related to an earlier story. |
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| United Press International, a worldwide news-gaterhing organization that is privately owned. |
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| In an experiment, one of the elements being observed. The independent variable is what is thought to be the cause; the dependent variable is the effect of that cause. |
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| A television camera operator. |
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| A mechanical or electronic device that projects broadcast copy next to the television camera lens so that a newscaster can read it while appearing to look straight into the lens. |
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| A word or phrase dealing with excretory matters in a less-than-polite way. |
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| A video report available on a Web site. |
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| Web applications that permit readers to add, remove and edit content on a Web site. Wikis are a form of collaborative writing. |
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| The completion of commentary that comes at the end of a taped segment in broadcasting; a strong ending to a report. |
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