Term
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Definition
| water found in the pores of soil, sediment, and rocks, plus narrow fractures in bedrock |
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Term
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Definition
| the occurence, distriubtion, movement, quality, quantity, and interaction of water in earth's crust. |
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Term
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Definition
| water held by molecular attraction on soil particles in the near surface zone |
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Term
| zone of saturation (vadose zone) |
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Definition
formation- water not held as soil moisture percolates downwawrd.
water reaches a zone where all the open spaceds in sediment are completely filled with water |
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Term
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Definition
| Totally saturated with water, water moves |
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Term
| low pressure water table rises |
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Definition
| high pressure water table falls |
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Term
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Definition
area above water table
include capillary fringe belt (saturated but doesnt flow bc GW is held by surface tension in tiny passages btwn grains |
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Term
| Effluent/ Gaining streams |
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Definition
| gain water from inflow of GW through the streambed |
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Term
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Definition
| lose water to GW system bc of outflow through streambed (recharge spot) |
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Term
| connected & disconnected/ Combo |
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Definition
| stream gains in some sections and loses in others |
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Term
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Definition
the percent of total volume of rock or sediment that consists of open pore spaces
determines how much GW can be stored |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a material to transmit fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| an impermeable layer that hinders or prevents water movement (clay) |
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Term
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Definition
| permeable rock strata or sediment that transmits GW freely (sand and gravels) |
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Term
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Definition
super slow, typically few cm a day
energy for movement is provided by gravity |
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Term
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Definition
if permeability remains uniform, the velocity of GW will increase as the slope of the water table increases
^ slope then ^ velocity |
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Term
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Definition
| the water table slope, determined by dividing the vertical distance between recharge and discharge (change in heads) by the length of flow between them |
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Term
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Definition
| the vertical difference between the recharge and discharge points |
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Term
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Definition
infiltration- rain/snow
losing streams
irrigation (manmade)
septic systems (manmade)
lake
wetlands (swamps) |
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Term
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Definition
streams
springs (w/perched aquifers)
lakes
wetlands/ swamps
wells (manmade) |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure, level water wants to rise to in a well |
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Term
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Definition
natural outflow of GW
occur where WT meets earth's surface
can be cause by an aquitard creating a localized zone of saturation (perched water table) |
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Term
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Definition
water is warmer than mean annual air temp
the water is heated by the cooling of igneous rock (no pressure involved) |
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Term
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Definition
water erupts w/great force
occurs where extensive underground chambers exist within hot igneous rock
GW heats, expands, changes to steam, erupts |
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Term
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Definition
drawdown-lowering of WT
cone of depression in WT |
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Term
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Definition
| situation in which gw under pressure rises above the level of an confined aquifer |
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Term
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Definition
| the ground sinks when water is pumped from wells faster than natural recharge replaces it |
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Term
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Definition
dripstone (travertines)
calcite deposites (evaporites)
collectively called spelothems (includes stalactites-from ceiling and stalagmites-from floor) |
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Term
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Definition
landscapes that have been shaped mainly by the dissolving power of GW
sinkholes-formed by GW slowly dissolving the bedrock forming a collapse |
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Term
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Definition
as an erosional agent, dissolving GW produces sinkholes, caverns
GW serves as an eqalizer of streamflow |
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Term
CONCEPT OF DARCY'S LAW
hyrdaulic properties |
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Definition
Aquifer functions
conduit function-flow through it
storage function- store water
Flow properties (conduit function)
Hydraulic conductivity (K)- basically permeability, has to be able to flow through earth materials
Transmitivity
Storage characterisitcs (storage func)
porosity
specific yield (how much is it going to give up)
specific storage
storativity (storage coeff.) |
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Term
| hydraulic conductivity is a function of |
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Definition
PHYSICAL PROP. OF POROUS MATERIALS
grain size
shape of grains
arrangement/sorting
PROP OF THE MIGRATING FLUID
viscosity
density
specific weight all controlled by temp. |
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Term
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Definition
amount of water that can be transmitted thru a unit width by the full saturated thickness of the aquifer
T=bk |
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Term
| Storativity of storage coeff. (S) |
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Definition
dimensionless # that represents the water that a formation releases or absorbs from storage per unit surface area per unit change in head (=Sy w/unconfined aquifer)
S=V of water/AH |
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Term
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Definition
the amount of water that a portion of an aquifer releases from storage, per unit mass or volume of aquifer, per unit change in hydraulic head, while remaining fully saturated.
When you release pressure mineral grains expand and water volume expands and moves out b/c less pore space |
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Term
| Homogeneity + Isotropy Looking @ K values |
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Definition
Homogenous- K indep. of location
Heterogenou- K dep. on location
Isotropic- K indep. on direction (round grains)
Anisotropic- K varies w/direction (flat grains) |
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