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| humanity (in Kant’s sense) |
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| The ability to make rational decisions & govern one’s self by them |
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| If everyone acts in their own self-interest, we’re all worse off |
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| Laws that reasonable people would agree to are legitimate IF everyone else does |
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| Something is valuable for its own sake |
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| A maxim, if universalized, becomes self-defeating |
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| The virtuous mean of mildness/anger |
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| The disposition that avoids excess & deficiency, from practical wisdom & continence |
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| A command must be followed by all, regardless of end |
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| a person's inherent qualities of mind and character |
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| People tend to fight for competition, diffidence, & glory |
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| A command must be followed by all but only for a certain end |
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| That which deserves moral praise |
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| The absence of pain in the body & trouble in the soul |
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| A maxim, if universalized, creates a world no rational person would desire to live in |
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| Happiness is the sole & ultimate end of human action |
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| maximizing utilitarianism |
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| An action “x” is right IFF there’s no alternative “y” that would produce more good than “x” |
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| A rule that fully characterizes an action and specifies motive, means, end, & context |
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| Morally required law breaking |
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| Getting a benefit that only exists because others pay for it |
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| Holy, godly, devoted to deity |
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| Useful guideline that may have exceptions |
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| The goal embodied in a particular action |
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| An entity has moral status IFF it or its interests morally matter for its own sake |
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| When a person can be correctly treated as an object of moral judgment despite the fact that a significant aspect of what he is assessed for depends on factors beyond control |
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| Conditions satisfied under which praise/blame is appropriate |
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| Actions are right as they tend to promote happiness; others just rules of thumb |
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| restricted utilitarianism |
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| Actions are right in proportion as they accord with rules that tend to promote happiness |
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| The only determinant of the moral value of an action is its consequences |
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| Actions are right as they tend to promote good, wrong as they tend to not |
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| A deficiency in confidence |
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| Something that limits our choice of ends |
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| (Kant) imperative, universal, & unconditional |
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| value of objects not as ends in themselves, but as means of achieving something else |
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| agreement expressed through silence or inaction |
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| something that instructs one what to do |
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| the ability to reliably determine what your duty is, & a steady commitment to your duty for its own sake |
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| the virtuous mean of pain/pleasure |
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