Term
| what are the two approved antibiotics in order for cardiovascular issues prescribed prior to dental procedure? |
|
Definition
amoxicillin 1st but if allergic then take
clindomycin |
|
|
Term
| if there is a cardiovascular issue and you are prescibed amoxicillin what is the amount you should take and how long before dental visit? |
|
Definition
amoxicillin
4 tablets which equals 2000mg
1 hour prior to visit |
|
|
Term
| if prescribed clyndomycin for cardiac issues prior to dental visit, how much should you take and how long before visit? |
|
Definition
600mg
1 hour before visit |
|
|
Term
| if taking medication for cardiac issues prior to dental visits how long must you wait between dental visits? |
|
Definition
| 2 weeks, because if they come sooner they may become resistant to the drug |
|
|
Term
what are approved antiibiotics for patients with orthopedic issues prescribed prior to dental visits?
|
|
Definition
amoxicillin 2000mg 1 hr prior
clindomycin 600mg 1 hour prior |
|
|
Term
| what would one use digitalis for? |
|
Definition
| congestive heart failure it slows heart and gives it a better more qualitative squeeze |
|
|
Term
| what would one use Lasix for? |
|
Definition
| to get rid of excess fluid, like if ankles are swollen it gets rid of that excess fluid |
|
|
Term
| How often do we update a patients medical history? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some questions you should ask when performing medical history interview? |
|
Definition
-when was your last checkup?
-what did your doctor say?
-any surgeries since your last visit?
-any changes in medication since last visit? |
|
|
Term
| if ever you think it may be wise for a patient to premedicate what should you do? |
|
Definition
| send a physicians consultation to the patients doctor and let doctor make the decision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infective endocarditis
it can develop from bacteria introduced through mouth infecting the heart |
|
|
Term
| the new premedication guidelines states that no premeds should be used for the following conditions |
|
Definition
-mitral valve prolapse
-rheumatic heart disease
-bicuspid valve disease
-calcified aortic stenosis
-congenital heart defects |
|
|
Term
| who should take antibiotics? |
|
Definition
| those at great risk of negative outcomes from infective endocarditis. |
|
|
Term
| those who can take premedications are? |
|
Definition
-artificial heart valves
-history of infective endocarditis |
|
|
Term
| if someone has an unrepaired or incompletely repaired cyanotic congenital heart disease shunt or conduit, should they be premedicated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if it is within 6 months of someone having a completely repaired prothetic material or device should they be premedicated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to recap who should be premedicated? |
|
Definition
-someone with artificial heart valves
-history of infective endocarditis
-unrepaired shunts
-complelety repaired prothetics within 6 months
-completely repaired prosthetic but with residual defect
-cardiac transplant that develops problem in heart valve
|
|
|
Term
| what are the four chamber of the heart in order that blood flows through? |
|
Definition
-right atrium
-right ventricle
-left atrium
-left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| explain the process of blood flow throught heart |
|
Definition
-right atrium through the tricuspid valve
- right ventrical through pulmoniv valve to pulmonary artery
-pulmonary artery to lungs
-lungs to small blood vessels around sacs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygenated blood
-lungs to pulmonary veins
-pulmonary veins to left atria
-left atria to mitral valve
-mitral valve to left ventricle
-left ventricle to aortic valve to aorta and to body |
|
|
Term
| which atria of the heart contains oxygenated blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what valve does blood pass through from left atria? |
|
Definition
| mitral valve and goes to left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| what happens in the electrical system of the heart? |
|
Definition
-SA nodes (sinoatrial nodes) fire to
-AV node (atrioventrium)
to bundle of HIs
to purkinje fibers |
|
|
Term
| what can blocked electrical patterns cause? |
|
Definition
| arrhythmia (abnormal rythms) |
|
|
Term
| what type of arrhythmia is life threatening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some classifications of arrhythmia? |
|
Definition
-out of synchronization
-atrial fibrilation
-ventricular fibrilation (fatal) |
|
|
Term
| when someone has congentital heart disease when does this develop in utero? |
|
Definition
| in the 1st 9 weeks of gestation |
|
|
Term
| what are some instances where dental hygiene can impact congenital heart disease? |
|
Definition
-premedication are used to prevent Infective endocarditis
-dh should be aware of defects in heart that could affect hearts ability to oxygenate the blood |
|
|
Term
| what do we do to prevent congenital heart disease? |
|
Definition
-rubella vaccine
-no drugs during pregnancy
-radiologic precautions
-control tobacco / alcohol addictions |
|
|
Term
| what is involved in the congenital heart disease ventricular and septal defect? |
|
Definition
-a hole is between left and right ventricles and they exchange blood
-the severity of the disease is dependant on the size of hole |
|
|
Term
| what is patent ductus arteriosis? |
|
Definition
-a passage is normally open during utero but should close a few weeks after birth
-the passage if it remains will be a passage between 2 great arteries that arise from the heart |
|
|
Term
| what is tetralogy of fallot? |
|
Definition
-a congentive heart disease that affects 4 abnormalities of the heart, there is likely a ventrical defect (hole between left and right ventricle, also right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonic stenosis, and an over riding aort
(found this info on wikepedia) |
|
|
Term
| what could be the cause of congential heart defects? |
|
Definition
-genetics (ex: downs syndrome)
-environmental effects (virus, drugs, thalidomide) |
|
|
Term
| what are some signs as a clinician we would see in someone with heart defects? |
|
Definition
-poor profusion of oxygenated blood
-easy fatigue
-exertional dyspnea (out of breath)
-cyanosis of lips, nail beds (blue)
-poor growth
-chest deformality
-heart murmurs |
|
|
Term
| waht are some conditions that could alter DH care? |
|
Definition
-congentital hole in heart
-larger defects may require implant devices
-once there is implanted device, premedication is used |
|
|
Term
| there is congenital heart disease where heart may be enlarged if not corrected, what are some causes of this? |
|
Definition
-heredity
-environment
-drugs |
|
|
Term
using a lead apron
no medications during pregnancy
use of rubella vaccines
these are all factors that prevent what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the hardening of the small arteries (arterioles)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the build up of plaque where walls are thickened in arteries and they lose elasticity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the pump of the heart is weak what can happen to heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patiens who have atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis have a good chance of developing what? |
|
Definition
| congestive heart failure a weak heart |
|
|
Term
| difficulty breathing when lying back is a side effect of what heart condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| swelling can be caused by |
|
Definition
| chf a weak heart that cannot adequately pump to meet need of the body. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 main categories of CHF? |
|
Definition
-heart valve damage (caused by congenitive heart disease or rheumatic fever)
-myocardial infarction (heart attack) |
|
|
Term
| someone who is diagnosed with CHF probably are taking what medications to stop swelling and monitor/modify heart beat? |
|
Definition
-digitalis for slowing heart beat and giving it a more effective squeeze
-lasix-a diuretic used to excrete excess fluid from body to help with swelling issues, like ankles |
|
|
Term
| if you are taking a pulse on a chf patient pay attention to what? |
|
Definition
-head should be elevated
-notice rythm when taking pulse
-if pulse is too low they may be taking too much digitalis |
|
|
Term
| what are some problems that could cause a problem with a CHF patient? |
|
Definition
-acute hypertensive (bp too high)
-massive pulmonary embolism (blood clot to lungs)
-arrhythmia (irregular heart rythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlarged heart due to weak heart chf pumping harder |
|
|
Term
| what is used to treat electrical problems of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 types of pacemakers? |
|
Definition
-demand (only works when needed it senses the need)
-fixed rate (present rate of electrical stimuli is provided independently of the natrual heart activity) |
|
|
Term
| what are some dental devices that can interfere with pacemaker? |
|
Definition
-ultrasonic
-elctrodeesensitizing equipment
-pulp testers
-electric toothbrush
-electrosurgery machines
-casting equipment
electric dental devices |
|
|
Term
| what are some symptoms of pacemaker malfunction? |
|
Definition
-difficulty breathing
-dizzy
-changes in pulse rate
-swelling of legs, ankles, arms, wrists
-chest pain
-prolonged hicoughing |
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