Term
| Limitations of cytological evaluation |
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Definition
| Extent and depth of invasion cannot be determined; negative results do not exclude the possibility of malignancy; lack of tissue architecture: some tumor types cannot be accurately classified. |
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Term
| Cell characteristics of malignant cells |
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Definition
| Greater variation in cells size, greater variation in cell shape (abnormal shapes very possible), many cancer cells lose cohesiveness and adhesion to surrounding cells |
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Term
| Nuclear characteristics of malignant cells |
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Definition
| Nuclear size, especially N/C ratio, is increased; nuclear shape may be irregular and vary widely; chromatin texture can be coarsely granular; hyperchromasia; increased number of larger, irregularly shaped nucleoli; mitoses can be seen at locations other than the basal layer, some have abnormal multi-poled mitotic figures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignant cells contain more DNA, therefore the nuclei stain darker |
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Term
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Definition
| Well-delineated lesion, clear border, tends to be benign |
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Term
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Definition
| Surrounded by a fibrous capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| Invading into surrounding tissue, poorly defined border |
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Term
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Definition
| Circumscribed, rounded nodules of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Expanding into and compressing normal tissue, can create appearance of a capsule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Having components of two cell lineages, such as spindled cells with pockets of glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Perforated, with well-formed holes within a glandular lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| Falling apart into single cells, no shared border |
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Term
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Definition
| Round to oval cells with lots of cytoplasm, look "plump" |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of fascicles, bundles of elongated spindly cells in polarized arrays |
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Term
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Definition
| Forming gland structures with lumens |
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Term
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Definition
| Zig-zag array of alternating bundles |
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Term
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Definition
| Epithelial or endothelial cells round up and protrude into the lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells infiltrate through tissue single file, can be 3-4 cells long |
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Term
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Definition
| Papillary-shaped epithelial projections without true fibrovascular cores, "medusa-head" appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| Single malignant cells scattered throughout a benign epidermis, cells stand out at low power |
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Term
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Definition
| Resembling a fence, parallel arrays of nuclei that stand out at low power |
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Term
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Definition
| Papilla with fibrovascular cores supporting proliferative epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| Epithelial cells with a uniform nuclear position, either apical or basal |
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Term
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Definition
| Resembling a network or netlike array, microcystic or honeycomb appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of nonepithelial cells that cluster around a common center, psuedorosettes form around a vessel, true rosettes form around a lumen |
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Term
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Definition
| Elongated cells with fusiform nuclei, sheets or fascicles |
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Term
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Definition
| Cartwheel pattern, spindle cells radiating from a central point, "whorls of cells" |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytoplasmic continuity between cells, no recognizable cell borders |
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Term
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Definition
| Cord-like arrays separated by fibrous septa |
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Term
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Definition
| Affinity for both acidic and basic dyes, unique color |
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Term
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Definition
| Macrophages stuffed with lipid, small dark eccentric nucleus and granular appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| Containing granules or tiny vacuoles |
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Term
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Definition
| Keratin-producing, very pink and dense on H and E, orange with Pap stain |
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Term
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Definition
| Producing mucin, looks clear after processing but stains with mucicarmine or PAS |
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Term
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Definition
| Large cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, lots of mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
| Like plasma cells, abundant cytoplasm and eccentric round nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Flattened nucleus compressed by cytoplasm stuffed with mucin |
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Term
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Definition
| Evenly distributed chromatin, like a soccer ball |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuclei that press and indent each other due to near-absence of cytoplasm, mosaic-like appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| Finely speckled, "salt and pepper" nuclei, no nucleoli |
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