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intro to clinical procedures
Vital signs
60
Dentistry
Undergraduate 3
09/23/2013

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Cards

Term
vital signs
Definition
indicators of functions of the body's homeostatic mechanisms
Term
what are some vital signs?
Definition

-temperature

-heart rate/pulse

-respiration

-blood pressure

 

Term
why is it important to take vitals?
Definition
to compare to last visit and look for early signs of distress.  Gives us a baseline  to treat or refer out
Term
a body temp that is normal in an adult is?
Definition
97-99 (98.6)
Term
what does temperature do?
Definition
stimulates body's immune system
Term
what time of day is the body temperature lower?
Definition
1-4 am (while at rest)
Term
when is body temp highest during day?
Definition
4-6 pm
Term
pyrexia
Definition
fever over 99.5
Term
hyperthermia-
Definition

over 103.8

 

slight-101

moderate-101-103

severe-103 or up

Term
hypothermia
Definition
below 96 degree F
Term
hypothalmus
Definition
controls body temp
Term
what are some factors that could increase temp?
Definition

-exercise

-stress

-infection

-dehydration

-hormones

-inflammatory disease

Term
what are some factors that could decrease temp?
Definition

-starvation

-hemorrhage

-shock

-hypothyroidism(too low)

-excessive alcohol

-chronic dehabilitating disease

 

Term
what are the sites where you can take temp on body>?
Definition

-oral most common

-rectal-most accurate +1 degree 2min

-Axillary-1 degree least accurate 5-10 min

-tympantic-good for small children 1-2 second

Term
what equipment is used for temperature?
Definition

-glass mercury thermometer

-electronic-digital

-tymantic

Term
how long should you wait to take temp after hot beverages
Definition
15 min
Term
pulse/heart rate includes assessment of what?
Definition

heart beat # of beats/min

rhythm

volume and strength

Term
what is a normal pulse in an adult?
Definition

60-90 

 

about 80

Term
normal pulse of child?
Definition
90-120 bpm
Term
pulse of infant?
Definition
100-160 bpm
Term
pulse of athelete
Definition
45-60 bpm
Term
if someone has pulse over 100 they probably are ?
Definition
sick or in shock
Term
a pulse of 110 or over
Definition
should be referred to a doctor immediately
Term
if someone has a pulse under 40?
Definition
they are unconcious
Term
factors that increase pulse rate are
Definition

-pain

-anxiety

-emotions

-caffiene

-exercise

-high temp

-low blood volume

-hyperthyroidism (high)

Term

factors that decrease pulse rate are

 

Definition

-rest

-fasting

-medications

-illness

-hypothermia

-hypothyroidism

Term
sinus rythm
Definition
normal rythm
Term
sinus bracdcardia
Definition
less than 60 bpm
Term
sinus tachycardia
Definition
more than 100 bpm
Term
what are possible rythms of pulse?
Definition

-regular

-regularly irregular (irregular but follows a pattern)

-irregularly irregular-no pattern

Term
what is the pulse site most used in dental?
Definition
radial
Term
pulse sites
Definition

-temporal      -popliteal

-carotid         -pedal

-apical                -posterior tibialis

-brachial

-radial

-femoral

Term
how long do you read pulse
Definition
60 seconds
Term
respiration rate
Definition
number of breaths per minute
Term
respiration
Definition
a breath taken in and let out
Term
what do you assess when checking respiration?
Definition
type, rate, depth
Term
a normal adults breathing should range
Definition
12-20 bpm
Term
other variations of adult breathing
Definition

-less than 12bpm subnormal

-more than 28 bpm accelerated

-more than 60 bpm dangerous

Term
a childs breathing should be in what range?
Definition
24-28 bpm
Term
infants breath at what rate?
Definition
44 bpm
Term

true or false

both children and elderly have a more rapid breathing pattern

Definition
true
Term
tachypnea
Definition
rapid breathing can be caused by congestive heart failure, athsma, emphysema
Term
dyspnea
Definition

difficulty breathing

CHF, congentital heart defect, emphysema, pnuemonia, tb

Term
hyperventilation
Definition
deep rapid breathing
Term
apnea
Definition
not breathing
Term
what should you observe when examining breathing?
Definition

-depth-movement in chest wall

-rhythm-regular/irregular

-quality-strong, easy, weak

-sounds-wheezing, sighs, noise

Term
how long do you observe respiration
Definition
30 seconds x 2=breaths per minute
Term
blood pressure
Definition

the force that blood exerts against the vessel walls .

it is measured in mm of Hg

depends on condition of arteries

also volume of blood

Term
systolic
Definition
ventricular contraction
Term
diastolic
Definition

ventricular relaxation

between beats

Term
pulse pressure
Definition

difference between systolic and diastolic

less than 45mm Hg is good

Term
when does hypertension begin
Definition
at 140/90
Term
hypertension
Definition
chronic readings 140/90
Term
hypotension
Definition

 chronic reading less than 100/60

(could be normal in young adults and atheletes

Term
sphygmomanometer
Definition

-blood pressure machine

10 mm Hg long lines 

2mm intervals

Term
how do you know how to measure cuff size
Definition
shoudl be 20 % larger than diameter of arm
Term
scf protocol
Definition

-rr,bp, puls taken and recorded each appt

-high bp 140-90-160-98 let patient rest and retake

-if same range document and refer to MD treat

-greater than 160-98 do not treat document and refer to MD

Term
what is orthostatic hypotension?
Definition
-inadequate position blood pressure falls from being laid flat, heart rate increases, can get dizzy, weak
Term
who is at risk fo orthostatic hypotension?
Definition

-person in chair too long

-poor venus return

-chronic hypotension

-at rest too long

-pregnant women

-hypertensive medication

Term
SPO2-pulse oximeter
Definition
measures oxygen saturation of blood normal rates 95-100%
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