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The central science.
The study of matter |
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| Anything with mass and volume |
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Primary constituents of matter called atoms.
They cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
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| How many element in the periodic table? |
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- Solid: constant shape and volume
- Liquid: variable shape and constant volume
- Gas: variable shape and volume
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- Fusion: Solid to liquid
- Freezing: Liquid to solid
- Vaporization: Liquid to gas
- Condensation: Gas to liquid
- Sublimation: Solid to gas
- Deposition: Gas to solid
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| When a new substance is formed |
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Describes the way the substance undergoes or resists change to form the new substance
Example: Flammable, corrosive, oxidation, etc. |
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| Description of the matter |
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| The systematic process of observation, hypothesis and experiment used to expand and refine a body of knowledge. |
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| All measurements contains a number and a unit. |
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- Amount: A mole (mol)
- Lenght: Meter (m)
- Mass weight: Kilogram (Kg)
- Time: Second (s)
- Temperature: Kelvin (K)
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Number of accurately known digits, followed by one uncertain digit.
- All non-zero numbers (1-9)
- Middle zeros
- End zeros if there is a decimal point
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Really large (or small) and make simple.
Example:
5,780 = 5.78 x 10^3 |
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| Law of conservation of energy |
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| Energy cannot be created or destroyed |
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| Amount of energy in which energy is transferred from a hotter object to a cooler object |
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| A small representation of an element |
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Fundamental particles from which atoms are made
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| Atoms with the same number of protons, but have different number or neutrons |
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| The number of protons on atom |
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| Number of protons plus neutrons |
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| Father of the elementary table |
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Alkali metals
and
Alkali earth metals |
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| Highly reactable with water |
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| Outer electrons are shielded by inner electrons and do not feel the nuclear charge as greatly as the inner electrons |
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- Shell: Region of space around a nucleus that contains electrons with a certain amount of energy.
-Subshell: Region of space within an electron shell that contain specific orbitals
- Orbitals: Region of space within a subshell where an electron is most likely to be found. |
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| Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
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Definition
| The exact position and momentum of an electron cannot be determined |
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| Electron subshells are filled in order of increasing energy |
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Definition
| Electrons occupy the orbital of a subshell such that each orbital acquired one electron before any orbital acquires a second electron |
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| No two electron in an atom will have the same 4 quantum numbers |
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