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Term
| Pericardium (Pericardial Sac) |
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Definition
Fibroserous sac
surrounds the heart
pericardial fluid (10-30 ml)
Cushions the heart and prevents friction as the heart contracts |
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| separates the heart into right and left |
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Definition
| myocardium is thinner than the ventricles |
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| Ventricles (Lower chambers) |
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Definition
Myocardium is thicker than the atria
left myocardium is thicker than that of the right
The chambers of the heart are separated by valves |
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Definition
Keeps blood moving forward through the heart
Separates the atrium from the ventricle
Held in place by "Chordae Tendinae"
Chordae are anchored to the "Papillary Muscles" of the ventricles. |
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Definition
| separates the atrium from the ventricles on the "right side" |
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| separates the atrium from the ventricles on the "left side" |
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Definition
separates ventricles from systemic system on the "right side"
Also known as the "Semilunar valves" |
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Definition
separates ventricles from systemic system on the "left side"
Also known as the "Semilunar valves" |
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Definition
Deoxygenated blood
enters by the superior and inferior vena cava
passes through atrium into the ventricles
flows into the pulmonary arteries to the lungs |
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Definition
oxygenated blood from the lungs
flow into the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
enters left ventricle
blood flows into the aorta and to the body |
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Definition
| contraction of heart chambers |
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Definition
| relaxation of heart chambers |
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Term
| Right coronary artery (RCA) |
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Definition
feeds right atrium,right ventricle, & a portion of the left ventricle
feeds the AV node and Bundle of HIS |
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Term
| Left coronary artery (LCA) |
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Definition
Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)
Left Circumflex Artery (LCA)
Feeds left atrium,left ventricle,interventricular septum & a portion of the right ventricle |
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Definition
two main coronary arteries
both arise from the aorta & empty via the coronary sinus |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
Innervates the SA node, AV node and ventricles
Acceleration properties mediated by epinephrine and nonrepinephrine
Increases automaticity,contractility, conduction, velocity through the AV node and chronotropy (rate) |
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| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
Deceleration properties mediated by the vagus nerve
causes impulses to move slower
Decreases automaticity,contractility, conduction, velocity through the AV node and chronotropy (rate)
Increases filling time in diastole |
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Term
| Cardiac Conduction System |
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Definition
Responsible for creating and transporting and electrical impulse (action potential)
passes through each individual cardiac muscle fiber
initiates depolarization (contraction)
Impulse is initiated by the SA node "Pacemaker" of the heart
Impulse travels to the AV node it acts as a "Junction" and temporarily holds the impulse
The impulse moves down to the Bundle of HIS into the right and left bundle branches
ends at the purkinje fibers that initiate ventricular depolarization |
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Definition
| the ability of cardiac cells to initiate an impulse spontaneously and repetively |
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| the ability of cardiac myofibrils to shorten in length in response to an electrical action potential (depolarization) |
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Definition
| The ability of cardiac cells to transmit and action potential along cell membranes in an organized manner |
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| the ability of a cell or tissue to respond to a stimulus and depolarize (contract) |
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the amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle in one minute measured in Liters/minute
normal 4-6 L/min
Cardiac output = Stroke Volume X Heart Rate (CO= SV X HR) |
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| The ability of the heart to respond to increased metabolic demands |
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| A function of blood volume presented to the ventricle and its compliance at the end of diastole |
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| the resistance against which the heart must pump to eject blood into the circulation. |
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PMH, Family History
Common symptoms
edema
syncope
palpitations
fatigue
dyspnea
chest pain |
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Definition
vital signs
heart sounds
lungs & thorax
neck
extremites
skin
capillary refill
level of consciousness |
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