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| discrimination by tradition and habit |
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| Said blacks weren't citizens under law |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| freed slave in the Confederate states |
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| Laws that took away citizenship rights for freed slaves |
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| states cannot deny blacks citizenship rights and equal protection under law |
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| gave black men the right to vote |
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| took away citizen rights implicitly, Ex: grandfather clauses, poll taxes, literacy |
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Term
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
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Definition
| allowed seperate but equal |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of Education |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| said schools had to desegregate with all deliberate speed |
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Term
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Definition
| removed most de jure discrimination, made up of titles |
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| protects voting rights of minorities |
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| creating opportunities for previously discriminated groups |
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| 14th amendment as reason why they should |
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| gave women right to vote, passed by one vote in one state |
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Definition
| required equal treatment of women in organizations receiving federal aid |
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Definition
| Race and ethnicity, subject to strict scrutiny, U.S. must demonstrate compelling state interest, Korematsu |
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Term
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Definition
| subject to intermediate standard of review, U.S. must provide important state interest |
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Term
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Definition
| age, wealth, sexual orientation, subject to minimum rationality, U.S. must prove rational basis |
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Term
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Definition
| congressional work to advance the ideas and wants of constituents |
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Term
| Allocative Representation |
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Definition
| securing funds, projects, and services for representative's district |
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Term
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Definition
| solving problems with government on behalf of constituents |
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Term
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Definition
| representative stands for values of constituents |
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Term
| Descriptive Representation |
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Definition
| belief that representative should represent demographically his/her constituents |
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Definition
| We love individual congressman, hate Congress as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
| 6 year terms, 1/3 elected every 2 years, 30 years old |
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Term
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Definition
| 435 voting members, reelected every 2 years, 25 years old |
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Term
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Definition
| every 10 years deciding how many representatives each state gets |
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Term
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Definition
| redrawing district lines within a state, equal population |
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Term
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Definition
| redrawing district lines for political gain |
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Term
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Definition
| popular presidential candidate gets votes for people of same party |
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Term
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Definition
| Presidents party loses seats during midterm election, didn't happen in 1998 or 2002 |
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Term
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| special temporary committee |
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Term
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| members of House and Senate, expedite legislation in area they deal with commonly |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Set Agenda, 2. Introduce Bill, 3. Referral to Committee, 4. Floor Debate and Vote, 5. Conference Committee, 6. President signature |
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Term
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Definition
| In the house talking a bill to death |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| President doesn't sign bill and Congress adjourns within 10 days, the bill dies |
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Term
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Definition
| 35 years old, natural born citizen, 2 1/2 terms |
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Term
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Definition
| Chief Administrator, Commander in Chief, Chief Foreign Policy Maker |
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Term
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Definition
| State of Union, Veto, Executive Order |
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Term
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Definition
| Nominate Federal judges and justices, Solicitor General, Pardon |
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Term
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Definition
| President sees himself as executer of laws and nothing else |
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Term
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Definition
| Beginning with FDR, President takes more active role in politics |
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Term
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Definition
| Gap between what we think President should do and what they can do, Head of State/Head of Government |
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Definition
| 15 advisors to President on policy |
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| Executive Office of the President |
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Definition
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