• Undeserving/deserving poor
• laissez-faire
• residual vs. institutional
• liberal vs. conservative

• undeserving poor are the people able to work but dont.
• laissez-faire is based on limited gov't involvement, individualism, and personal responsibility. Solve your own problems.
• residual- yes there is a role for gov't but only when really needed. Institutional- role for gov't is preventing problems not just when needed.
• liberal

Broad view of Social Welfare

Refers to the full range of organized activities of public and voluntary agencies that seek to prevent, alleviate, or contribute to solving a selected set of social problems.

All organized societal responses that promote the social well-being or a population.

Elizabethan Poor Law

compare to 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act

EPL was started in 1601 in order to establish order and standardized services. National policy regarding the poor. Delineated categories of assistance.

Categories or services: Indoor relief- assistance was provided in the homes of others for those who could not care for themselves (worthy poor). Prisons or enforced work for the unworthy poor.

Its influence can be seen in personal responsibility and work opportunity act. 

Origins of the profession of SW

Which 2 organizations embodied 2 distinct approaches to helping?

 nCharity Organization Societies – Buffalo, Mary Richmond, late 1800s, work ethic, compassion for poor, friendly visitors, guidance, rehabilitation, self-sufficiency, scientific charity, social Darwinism, foundation for casework

• Jane Addams
• Dorothea Dix
• Mary Richmond

• Jane Addams- created Settlement House Movement-established Hull House in 1869 in Chicago.
• Dorothea Dix- Provided treatment to the mentally ill. Raised awareness about the mentally ill. Mid to late 1800s.
• Mary Richmond- Charity Organization Society in London. Late 1800s. Beginning of professional casework.

• New Deal

historical significance in relation to fed gov't and well-being of citizens? What precipitated it? President responsible? Programs created by New Deal?

• New Deal- President Roosevelt institued first legislation that provided assistance to the jobless and poor. Marked the first time the fed gov't became engaged directly in providing relief. Great Depression precipitated it. Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) provided food/clothing/shelter allowances. Work Progress Administration (WPA) created in 1935 to provide public service jobs. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided young men b/t ages 17-23 with jobs/food/clothing/shelter. National Youth Administration (NYA) gave work-study assistance to hs and college youth as incentive to stay in school.

Social Security Act of 1935

historical significance in relation to fed gov't and well-being of citizens? What precipitated it? President responsible?

AKA- social security.

1) Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. These 3 programs were based on taxes deducted from employees' wages and matched by employer contributions, and eligibility was based on participation earned through employment.

2) Unemployment insurance, in which employers contributed the funds, with the purpose of providing a source of income security for covered workers who had lost their jobs.

1960's Great Society and War on Poverty

4 major programs that arose during LBJ's administration

 nOlder Americans Act 1965 – senior lunch programs, health screenings, transportation, meals-on-wheels

nState administration and rule-settingnWork requirements (sometimes with work training)nFive-year lifetime limitsnEnded benefits to teen mothers.  

Clinton vowed to end welfare as we know it.   

What are the 5 categories of reasons why people have problems?

• Opportunity structure and socialization.

wGenetics and heredity

Key elements of a good def of SW

• planned change
• external and internal resources that foster human well-being
• strengths that improve social functioning
• indivs, fams, organization, groups, communities
• especially vulnerable, oppressed, living in poverty
• prevention and prob solving
• autonomy and self-determination

 Generalist Practice

1.Assessment and intervention addresses systems of all sizes – individual, family, group, organization, community, larger social structures

Private Practice

What does self-determination mean? Autonomy? Altruism?

Strengths Perspective

why we use it?

An approach to SW that focuses on the strengths of the client system in the broader environment w/in which it functions rather than on the deficiencies.  Can reduce barriers and increase opportunities, supports the concept of resilience.

Difference b/t ethics and values

5 different social work methods

1) SW w/ indivs and fams aka casework/direct practice

2) SW w/ groups aka groupwork

3) Community organization; promotes change

4) SW research

5) SW admin and planning

Steps in the planned change process

 wEngagement and information-gathering

Social Work Roles

1) Advocate

2) Broker

3) Educator

4) Case Manager

5) Counselor at BSW level

6) Mediator

Cause and effect- x causes y thus if we eliminate x we also eliminate y.

Association is when all factors are connected or related to the problem, rather than saying that one isolated factor, or even several factors, directly causes a social problem.

Theory is a way of clearly and logically organizing a set of facts or ideas.

1) inclusive-explain consistently the same event in the same way

2) generalizable-general conclusion about what happens in one situation must be able to be transferred to other, similar situations.

3) testable-we must be able to measure it in some way to ensure tha tit is accurate and valid.

• system-set of units with relationships among them
• synergy-different parts work together for something bigger
• boundaries-a pt at which one system ends and another begins
• open/closed systems-easily permeated boundaries b/t units is open; rigid boundaries is closed
• entropy-tend to lose ability to function and eventually die
• equifinality- multiple methods to achieve one goal
• steady state-systems are not static but are steadily moving

Psychosocial theoretical framworks

Cognitive behavioral theoretical frameworks

Psychosocial- psychoanalytic--based on biology (Freud), based on life experiences.

Cognitive behavioral- Not biological more environmental

2 advocacy groups for women

2 advocacy groups for African Americans

2 advocacy groups for Latinos

women: National Organization of Women (NOW); League of Women Voters

African Americans: National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP); National Urban League

Latinos: LA RAZA; LULAC-Leage of United Latin American Citizens

Federal policy changes about abortion in recent years--what is gag rule?

Are federal funds provided to family planning clinics in the US that provide info about abortions?

Limit federal funding for family planning to any agency that performs abortions or provides counselling or referals to clients about abortions.

Some states limit 3rd trimester abortions.

In 2006- 33 bills were enacted in 22 states--6 of them increase access and the rest of them increase restrictions on abortion.

In 2003- partial birth abortion policy are pending

African American-12%

Latinos-15%

White- 67%

Asians-4%

Native American- 1%

African Americans make 65% of what whites make

Whites more likely to graduate HS than African Americans.

Affirmative action

Has it been strengthened in recent years?

Examples?

Affirmative action- an attempt to initiate actions that would equalize the social and economic playing field for all people and ultimately break the barries of discrimination for those who have long been oppressed by established values, policies, and practices.

Yes, proposal 2 was passed in November of 2007 prohibiting discrimination against any indiv group on race, sex, color, ethinicity or national origin in public employment/contracting/education.

Casework

Groupwork

casework- generalist practice with indiv's and fams directly

groupwork- generalist practice--helping through groups

 Ego Psychology (Psychosocial Theory – Psychodynamic Models) – problems are attributed to interplay between individual’s internal and external state – poor coping skills – treatment focuses on developing insight in order to develop better coping skills.

Problem-Solving Approach – successful intervention is based on the motivation, capacity, and opportunity of the client system in order to make changes – identify, talk, act

Task-Centered Method – built on the problem-solving approach, focuses on specific tasks to be accomplished in a specific time period – engages the client to act quickly to resolve problems

Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches nBased on Social Learning TheorynSolution-Focused TherapynBehavioral Treatment focuses on learning behaviors that are reinforced/extinguished

Reality Therapy- based on assumption that indiv's are responsible for their behavior.

Client-centered therapy- based on idea that clients know most about their problems and needs

Solution-focused therapy- a few sessions where therapist guides client through questions and assigns hw to progress in finding a solution

Natural vs. purposeful groups

- rec groups, ed groups, socialization groups, self-help groups, therapeutic groups

Purposeful groups have objectives and specific goals.

Self-help--goal is to facilitate change, individual within the group leads the group--not a professional.

Effectiveness- if it works

Efficiency- getting it to work with least amount of resources

public agency

private not-for-profit agency

private for-private agency

sectarian agency

public agency- gov't run, receives tax dollars

private not-for-profit-receives tax dollars but w/ restrictions. If they make money it goes back into the agency.

private for-profit- dont receive tax dollars and profits go into investors.

sectarian agency- faith based; non profit voluntary. occasionally receive tax dollars.