Term
|
Definition
| a wave in which individual cycles do not take the same amount of time to occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wave in which every cycle takes the same amount of time to occur as every other cycle, and in which the extent of the pressure changes (ie the amplitude) is equal for all cycles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the generation of voice resulting from air from the lungs pushing through closed vocal folds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the functions exhibited in control of the breath stream for voiced or unvoiced signals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If a signal is ___, the sound is generated by turbulence caused by air flowing through a restricted space or by a point of closure in the vocal tract suddenly opening to release air.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The phoneme /f/ has a ______ sound source while the phoneme /p/ is created by the sudden release of a pulse of air.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aspects of phonation and respiration. |
|
|
Term
| phonation and respiration |
|
Definition
| the two functions that work together to provide the power for sound in the form of airflow and the valve that causes surrounding air to vibrate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aspects of the sound that are due primarily to the effects of articulation and resonation. |
|
|
Term
| no, they are simultaneous and interdependent |
|
Definition
Do source and transfer functions function independently?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visual representation of what the sound looks like; shows pressure by time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much it compresses the medium (which in most cases is air, though the medium can also be water) it shows it shows that happens across time as the sound comes out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ is the subject of correlate, which means we experience it subjectively. |
|
|
Term
| sustained vowels, consonants, continuants |
|
Definition
| What can be viewed with a Discrete Line Spectrum? |
|
|
Term
| sustained vowels, consonants, continuants |
|
Definition
| What can be viewed with a Continuous Line Spectrum? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spectrum that tries to measure the amplitude at every frequency available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gives you the shape of one sound; it doesn't measure at every single frequency, but gives more of an average |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| You can measure anything with this type of spectrum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In a 3d spectrum, what shows you the amplitude? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Are you able to look at connected speech with a 3d spectrum?
|
|
|
Term
| -Diaphragm contracts (flattens) -External Intercostals rotate up and out and the diaphragm expands -Air flows in by pressure difference in lung muscles -Relaxation via gravity, pressure -Diaphragm pops back up (due to elasticity) |
|
Definition
| Explain the process of inhalation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measured by max volume of air exhaled after max inhalation the max amt you can exchange voluntarily in a maximum breath; measured on a respiramoter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measured on respiramoter when you're voicing (how much air you use to produce voice). You will look at mean flow rate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The more displacement, the _______ the sound and the more intensity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of sound; branch of physics; study of perception, transmission and reception, how sound is made, how it travels and how it is received. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potentially anything that vibrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of cycles completed in a given time; you must move through all of the stages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How far the wave is displaced; displacement from rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Force that makes you not move, body in motion wants to stay in motion, and the body at rest wants to stay at rest. it keeps you going. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brings air molecules back after displacement; everything has some degree of this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Force that acts perpendicularly on a surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of force applied to move object and the distance moved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air molecules bouncing back and moving away from each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy expended when object is moved from rest, velocity of movement affects amounts of work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy expended in time unit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if you decrease space, you increase _______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If you decrease pressure, what occurs? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement away from a source; transmission of sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1. displacement 2. elasticity 3. inertia |
|
Definition
| Name the stages of vibration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Speed of movement; how fast the sound is traveling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What stops the vibration; resistance to movement or the amplitude of movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Objective measurement of movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One complete movement through stages of vibration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How long it takes to move through all of the phases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subjective/Perceptual Correlate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Will the period ever change if you have a pure tone? |
|
|
Term
| Yes; when moving through the point of rest |
|
Definition
| Does velocity vary during a cycle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moves us past the max displacement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The greater the displacement, the ______ the vocal folds snap back together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does yelling make you displace your VFs more or less? |
|
|
Term
| Tensed; the cricothyroid makes the VFs longer |
|
Definition
| When you go to a higher pitch, the VFs are... how? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each cycle identical to the one before. One thing vibrating at one frequency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In speech we have completely periodic sounds. T/F? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can detect a repetitious cycle in; for example: vowels, nasals (because they're voiced--only if they're normal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No pattern at all; completely different. Can't predict what it will look like--Random vibration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has one cycle; tends to be impact sounds (Ex: door slamming) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In speech--Stops, fricatives, (voiceless) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Give an example of Random Vibration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One frequency; ex: pure tone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More than one thing vibrating or different parts of that one thing vibrating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be illustrated in waveform; how far that particle is from where it started. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As frequency ______, wavelength _______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If two vibrations share a space their phases can cause them to _____ or _____ with each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a vibration is damped it won't let the signal vibrate where desired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Force to move an object 1 cm. Measured in dynes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Force to move 1 gm. from rest to speed of 1 cm/sec within 1 sec. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy expended when object is moved from rest, velocity of movement affects this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area of positive pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of force applied to move object and the distance moved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement away from a source; transmission of sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disturbed; something is in the way; noisier, your ear can hear the difference, not as smooth flowing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How close the molecules are together; condensed/compressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much air is going through the VF with vibration; tells us about phonation; you're dealing with VFs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How efficiently you use your vocal cords to produce voice; balance between breathing and VFs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No norm-we calculate this but we don't interpret it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| You don't want the number 1 as your ratio. We'd like it to be .8 but you can range from the .7 area-.9 area |
|
|
Term
| nasal cavity; oral cavity; everything above the VFs |
|
Definition
| What structures are major dampers? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Calculates decrease in intensity as distance from a sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intensity ______ as a function of the square of the distance from the source (double the distance, 1/4 the intensity). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unit used to measure the change in pressure in the medium or the power expended to move molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is a decibel linear? if no, what is it? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If two things are vibrating in the same environment they will ______ the amplitude. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When you have two in-phase, identical waves, double the amplitude and increase the dB level by ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In a complex wave, one with the lowest frequency. The longest wavelength; How many times the whole VFs open and close within a second. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mathematical procedure to identify the component sine waves in a complex periodic wave. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of wave does voice create? |
|
|
Term
| There is not an f0, it's aperiodic/random |
|
Definition
| What is the fundamental frequency if you're whispering? |
|
|
Term
| skin, mucous membrane, 3 layers, muscle |
|
Definition
| what are the VFs composed of? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does the covering of the VFs vibrate more or less when they're tense? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Power source-displaces VFs and continues to power; resists damping forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As you double the distance away from you, you cut the distance by 1/2. You are cutting the intensity. Rather, the dynes per cm^2 is dropping, which is measuring the change in air pressure which is measuring the energy. |
|
|
Term
female: 70-150 cc/sec
male: 80-160 cc/sec |
|
Definition
| What are the MFR norms for males and females? |
|
|
Term
Female: 45-120
Male: 50-130 |
|
Definition
| What are the MFR norms for children? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Do we interpret VC or MPPT? |
|
|
Term
| See if it's 80% of predicted. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase air flow, glottal resistance, and sub-glottal pressure |
|
Definition
| How do we increase our loudness? |
|
|
Term
| Increase Sub-glottal pressure, longitudinal tension, and medial compression |
|
Definition
| How do we increase pitch? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Who has the shortest VFS? Women or children? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As you increase pitch, if done correctly, you should increase _______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How do you make your voice sound more rough? |
|
|
Term
| Don't close VFs so tightly |
|
Definition
| How do you make your voice sound breathier? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How do you make your voice sound nasal? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How do you make your voice sound hypernasal? |
|
|
Term
| the lowest freq of a complex wave; we hear it as pitch |
|
Definition
| What is the fundamental frequency and how do we "hear" it? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If I hit a tuning fork and it starts vibrating -- what makes it stop if I don't grab it and stop it? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ________ moves away from rest to push molecules together - __________ restores the equilibrium -- it doesn't really like to be away from home. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Likes to stay at rest until it gets moving, then it just keeps going until someone stops it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| I hit a tuning fork. It has a period of .001 sec. I hit another tuning fork that is the same size much harder. Will it vibrate at the same frequency, a lower frequency, or a higher frequency? |
|
|
Term
| The first one will top first |
|
Definition
| I hit a tuning fork. It has a period of .001 sec. I hit another tuning fork that is the same size much harder. Which tuning fork will stop vibrating first -- the first or second? |
|
|
Term
| voume of air we breathe during quiet breathing in and out during one cycle of respiration |
|
Definition
| What is tidal volume -- in respiration? |
|
|
Term
| vital capacity is the air we have available - and we shouldn't use all of it unless we are singers |
|
Definition
| Which is considered "available air" for producing speech -- vital capacity or phonation volume? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If I have a high mean flow rate - how might I sound? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of my measures in respirometry really compares my breathing and my phonation to see if I am efficient? |
|
|
Term
| Right -- I do more work because I am "moving more weight" |
|
Definition
| If I whisper do I do as much work as I would if I was phonating? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How do I estimate how intense a signal will be at different places in a room? |
|
|
Term
| the posterior part of the glottis |
|
Definition
| What is the "cartilaginous glottis" ? |
|
|
Term
| no, young women often leave a gap there |
|
Definition
| Do we always close the cartilaginous glottis when we produce voice? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| > When we increase pitch, we increase "coupling" of the layers of the vocal folds -- what does that refer to -- what "model"? |
|
|
Term
| the thyroarytenoid muscle |
|
Definition
| What makes up the deepest layer of the cover body model? |
|
|
Term
| contraction of the cricothyroid |
|
Definition
| What increases the longitudinal tension of the TA muscle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased velocity through perpendicular bodies -- increases the.... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are the interarytenoids adductors or abductors? |
|
|
Term
| the pressure that builds up beneath the closed vocal folds |
|
Definition
| What is subglottic pressure? |
|
|
Term
| muscle action trying to hold the vocal folds together |
|
Definition
| What is glottal resistance? |
|
|
Term
| Vowels, nasals, voiced sounds, fricatives |
|
Definition
| What kind of sounds are quasiperiodic? |
|
|
Term
| The layers give me the complex -- the variations (because I'm not perfect) give me the quasi |
|
Definition
| So -- why do they have a quasiperiodic? |
|
|
Term
| loudness; bc it's perceputal |
|
Definition
| What is the subjective correlate of intensity? Why do we call it subjunctive instead of objective? |
|
|
Term
| No, bc it's a log and not linear |
|
Definition
| Is the difference between 20 dB SPL and 30 dB SPL the same in terms of pressure change as 40 dB and 50 dB? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If I have a pressure measurement of .002dynes/cm2 - what dB SPL do I have? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the decrease in amplitude due to resistance of the medium called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does damping affect frequency? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does a high pitch travel as far as a low pitch ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does sound travel faster in water or air? |
|
|
Term
| yes, due to stretching and compacting of the Vfs |
|
Definition
| If I sing at a high pitch, am I at higher risk of hurting my vocal folds? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does sound travel more quickly through water or steel? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sound wave that is generated, travels a certain distance, nd then hits up against a boundary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The damping of a wave, with diminishing changes in air pressure due to friction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some portion of the sound that is not transmitted or absorbed bounces back from the surface of the boundary and travels in the opposite direction of the incident wave. The amount of ____ depends on the surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hard, smooth surface will reflect ____ than a soft or rough surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the areas of compression and rarefaction of the two waves combine at exactly the same time and the same moment in space, the amplitude of the resulting wave will be ______. |
|
|
Term
| Constructive interference |
|
Definition
| When two areas of high pressure combine the resulting pressure is higher still. When two areas of low pressure combine, the pressure is further lowered at that point. This produces greater deviations from normal and therefore increased amplitude of the wave. This is referred to as.... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the areas of compression of one of the waves combine at exactly the same time when an area of rarefaction of the other wave, the amplitude of the resulting wave will be decreased, which is known as... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If two sound waves with the same exact freq combine such that each compression of one wave is matched exactly with the corresponding rarefaction of the second wave, the resulting sound will be... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the relative timing of areas of high and low pressure in waves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sound lasts slightly longer because of interference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The regular, smooth, back and forth movement with a characteristic pattern of acceleration through the rest position and deceleration at the endpoints of the movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the two types of complex sounds? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How can the harmonics in a complex periodic sound be identified? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what kind of sounds are the stops? /p/ /t/ /k/ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what kind of sounds are the fricatives? /f/ /s/ and /h/ |
|
|
Term
| combination of periodic and aperiodic complex sound waves |
|
Definition
| Voiced stops and fricatives are what kind of sound? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| graphs that show time along the horizontal axis and amplitude along the vertical axis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smoothly varying shape that tells us that the wave is a pure tone, vibrating in simple harmonic motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frequency shown is present in a sound at one particular instant of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The whole cake represents a _____ and one slice of the cake represents the _______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is pitch measured with? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the three most important determinants of frequency? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The range of frequencies the human ear is capable of perceiving. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A push or pull that moves an object a certain distance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What unit is energy measured in? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to power (i.e the amount of energy expended in a second) measured over a particular area, usually square meters or square centimeters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sound that indicates the softest sound of a particular time under ideal listening conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ______ is the square of amplitude. |
|
|
