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| A period of maladjustment when the non material culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions. |
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| The functionalist view that society tends toward a state of stability or balance. |
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| A theory of social change that holds that society is moving in a definite direction. |
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| A term used by Karl Marx to describe an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect their objective position. |
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| Rebellious craft workers in the 19th century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the industrial revolution. |
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| An organized collective activity that addresses values and social identities, as well as improvements in the quality of life. |
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| The conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities. |
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| The ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel. |
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| Significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture, including norms and values. |
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| Organized collective activity to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society. |
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| Cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires. |
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| An immigrant who sustains multiple social relationships that link his or her society of origin with the society of settlement. |
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| Those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change and who have a stake in maintaining the status quo. |
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| Manual Castells - 3 types of Social Movements 1. Legitimizing movements and identities. |
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| Manifest in mainstream institutions of society, generated by and in churches, labor unions, political parties, cooperatives, civic associations; thus they are of civil society. i.e. Civil rights movement. |
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| Manual Castells - 3 types of social movements 2. Resistance movements and identities. |
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| Based on the identity of excluded groups, they are the product of resentment toward dominant institutions and alienation from mainstream ideologies. Described as "defensive socio-cultural formations." i.e. Black Panthers and American Indian Movement. |
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| Manual Castells: 3 types of social movements 3. Project movements and identities. |
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| Use available cultural resources to create new identities that redefine one's position in society and try to change the overall social structure. Woman's and environmental movements are examples. |
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| Evolutionary view of social change |
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| Implies a gradual transformation through a series of stages of increasing complexity. |
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| Revolutionary view of social change |
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| Assumes that a revolution is necessary for social change to occur. |
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| Alvin Toffler 3 waves of human history - agricultural age |
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| 1. 10,000 ybp agricultural age: social significance - move away from nomadic hunting and gathering, begin to cluster in villages and develop elaborate culture - WEALTH WAS LAND |
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| Alvin Toffler - 3 waves of human history - industrial age |
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| 1750 CE industrial age: production based on machine power. People began to leave rural peasant culture to work in city factories. Culminated in WWII - WEALTH DIVERSIFIED INTO LAND, LABOR AND CAPITOL |
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| Alan Toffler 3 waves of human history - economic and information age |
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| 3. For industry - 1970, for economy 1980, for culture 1990's information age: Based on mind rather than muscle, powerfully driven by information technology - WEALTH IS INCREASINGLY CONTINGENT ON POSSESSION OF KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION. |
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| Daniel Bell 3 Social spheres |
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| 1. Social - or techno-economic structure = efficiency. 2. Polity, i.e. the state and political institutions = equality. 3. Culture = self realization. |
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| Daniel Bell - Key figures discourse - Pre-industrial |
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| Farmers, miners, fishermen, and unskilled workers. Power = landowners and members of the military |
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| Daniel Bell - key figure discourse - 2 Industrial |
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| Semi-skilled workers and engineers. Power = Industrialists and politicians. |
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| Daniel Bell - key figure discourse 3. Postindustrial |
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| Professionals and technical scientists. Power = Scientists and researchers. |
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| Sociocultural evolutionism |
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| Umbrella term for theories of cultural evolution and social evolution, describing how cultures and societies have developed over time. |
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| Parsons - Functionalist theory of Equilibrium - 4 processes of social change. Differentiation. |
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| 1. Differentiation - refers to the increasing complexity of social organization. i.e. transition from medicine man to physician. |
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| Parsons - Functionalist theory of Equilibrium - 4 processes of social change. Adaptive upgrading |
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| 2. Adaptive upgrading: Social institutions become more specialized in their purpose. |
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| Parsons - Functionalist theory of Equilibrium - 4 processes of social change. Inclusion |
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| 3. Inclusion: Groups that were previously excluded because of gender, race, ethnicity and social class are in included. |
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| Parsons - Functionalist theory of Equilibrium - 4 processes of social change. Value generalization |
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| 4. Value Generalization: The development of new values that tolerate and legitimate a greater range of activities. |
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