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| A group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance. |
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| A group set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. |
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| A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs. |
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| 5 Basic properties of Minority groups |
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Definition
| 1. Unequal treatment, 2. Physical or cultural traits, 3. Ascribed status, 4. Solidarity, 5. In-group marriage. |
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| A socio-historical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed. |
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| Social construction of race |
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| The process by which people come to define a group as a race based in part on physical characteristics, but also on historical, cultural and economic factors. i.e. Irish or Italians not seen as white in the early 1800's. |
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| A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority. |
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| The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. |
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| The belief that one race is supreme and all others are innately inferior because of inherited physical differences. |
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| A criminal offense committed because of the offender's bias against a race, religion, ethnic group, national origin, or sexual orientation. |
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| The use of the principle of race neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo. |
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| The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons. |
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| Glass ceiling/glass walls |
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Definition
| An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity. |
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| Institutional Discrimination |
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Definition
| Denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society. |
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| Various forms of Institutional Discrimination |
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Definition
| 1. Rules requiring that only English be spoken at a place of work even when it is not a business necessity. 2. Preferences shown by law and medical schools in the admission of children of wealthy and influential alumni, nearly all of whom are White. 3. Restrictive employment-leave policies, coupled with prohibitions on part-time work, that make it difficult for the heads of single-parent families, most of whom are women, to obtain and keep jobs. |
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Definition
| Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. |
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| Functionalist Perspective on Race and Ethnicity |
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Definition
| 1. racist views provide a moral justification for maintaining an unequal society that routinely deprives a minority group of its rights and privileges. 2. Racist beliefs discourage the subordinate minority from attempting to question its lowly status. 3. Racial myths suggest that any major societal change would only bring greater poverty to the minority and lower the majority's standard of living. |
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| Conflict perspective on Race and Ethnicity |
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Definition
| Exploitation theory to explain the basis of racial subordination. Exploitation of the lower class as a basic part of the capitalist economic system. |
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| Any arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior. |
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| States that in cooperative circumstances, interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon old stereotypes. |
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| Deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation. |
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| Interactionist perspective on race and ethnicity |
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Definition
| After interracial contact people begin to see one another as individuals and discard broad generalizations. |
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| When a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group, through intermarriage over several generations. |
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| The process through which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. A+B+C - become A. |
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| The physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events. |
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| A wide ranging system of segregation including sep0arate homelands where the minority culture is expected to live. i.e. South Africa |
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| Subordinate group does not have to forsake its lifestyle and traditions. It is based on mutual respect for one another's cultures among various groups in society. |
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Definition
| 1. African Americans 2. Native Americans, 3. Asian Americans, which includes Vietnamese Americans, Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans, Korean Americans, 4. Arab Americans, |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Latinos, which includes, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, 2. Jewish Americans, 3. White ethnics. |
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| A movement where young American blacks rejected assimilation into White middle class society. |
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| Emphasis on concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather that on deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage. |
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| People or families who move across borders multiple times in search of better jobs and education. |
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| A subordinate group whose members have supposedly have succeeded economically, socially, and educationally despite past prejudice and discrimination, and without resorting to confrontations with Whites. |
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| An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group. |
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| Racial Group -3- factors that determine race |
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Definition
| 1. Determined by history, 2. Patterned by deep and arbitrary cultural prejudices. 3. If necessary, enforced by state. |
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Term
| Why is race not a biologically relevant concept? (stuff not in the book) |
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Definition
| 1.Happens when definition of group is assigned either by the group or by another group. 2. Is about class and economics i.e. if people class is here as free labor, then define as many as possible. b. If people are here and supported by government, then define as few people as possible. |
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Definition
| If it is defined as real, it becomes real. Expectation is molded by definition. |
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| Idea that behavior is limited fundamentally to race. |
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| 3 Forms of racism - Symbolic Racism |
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Definition
| "Modern" color blind or Laissez-faire, comes from people who reject stereotypes and blatant discrimination but resist any program designed to enable minorities to escape poverty. |
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| 3 forms of racism - Ideological racism |
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Definition
| Scientific (biological) belief that some races are biologically, intellectually and or culturally inferior. |
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| 3 forms of racism - Systemic racism |
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Definition
| Built into system, past & present racism, The recurring unequal relations between groups that are organized along the lines of race. A)Unjust enrichment i.e. single mom's. The dad is unjustly enriched because he is not supporting children. B) Underrated impoverishment. |
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| Discrimination - 2 scopes |
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Definition
| 1. institutional/individual and 2. Intentionality, conscious/unintentional types. |
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| 3 Types of discrimination: |
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Definition
| 1. Institutional, 2. Total, 3. Reverse, |
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Term
| Patterns of inter group relations |
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Definition
| 1. Genocide, 2. Expulsion, (ethic cleansing), 3. Amalgamation, 4. Assimilation, 5. Segregation. |
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| Social Theories of Immigration |
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Definition
| 1. Melting pot theory - Various cultures come to America and contribute aspects of their culture to create a new, unique American culture. 2. Salad bowl Theory, Newly arrived immigrants do not lose the unique aspects of their cultures but instead maintain them much like the ingredients of a salad maintain their identity. |
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