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Definition
| Socialization brings us into society and allows us to internalize the codes, narratives, vales, and symbols that already exists, thereby ensuring the continuity of our societies over time. Yet...learning to be "like us" means, at the same time, learning how to be unique. |
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| Cooley: Looking Glass Self |
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Definition
| Charles Horton Cooley advanced the belief that we learn who we are by interacting with others and we see ourselves as others see us. |
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| George Herbert Mead proposed that as people mature, their selves begin to reflect their concern about reactions from others - both generalized others and significant others. |
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| The attitudes, viewpoints and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior. |
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| Term used to refer to those individuals who are most important in the development of the self i.e. parents, siblings, loved ones. (Example is young people may be drawn to same work as parents.) |
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Definition
Preparatory Stage: Children imitate people around them. Learn to use symbols.
Play Stage: Children pretend to be other people.
Game Stage: Children learn their social positions as in a football game players understand their position as well as others. |
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| Erving Goffman: Presentation of Self - Impression management |
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Definition
| Individual learns to slant his or her presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances to satisfy certain audiences. Referred to as impression management. Includes Front Stage - formal events and Back Stage - intimate & informal events. |
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| Goffman: Dramaturgical approach -- Life is a Stage |
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Definition
| Goffman: People resemble performers in action. i.e. a clerk appears busier than he or she really is if a supervisor is watching. |
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Definition
| Lifelong process in which people learn the attitudes, values and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture. |
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Definition
| Initiating face saving behavior when rejected or embarrassed. |
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Term
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Definition
Self influenced by parents and inborn drives such as the drive for sexual satisfaction.
1. ID - most basic seeks limitless pleasure regardless of consequences. (I want it now!)
2. Ego - Mediator, decision maker. (I need to do a bit of planning to get it.)
3. Super Ego - Internalized norms and values, seeks rational behavior. (You can't have it, it's not right.) |
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Term
| Jean Piaget: Cognitive theory of development. |
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Definition
Four stages of cognitive development: moral development linked to socialization.
1st stage: Sensorimotor stage: young children use their senses to make discoveries.
2nd Stage: Preoperational stage children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas.
3rd Stage: Concrete operational stage, children engage in more logical thinking.
4th Stage: Formal operational stage, adolescents become capable of sophisticated abstract thought and can deal with ideas and values in a logical manner. |
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| Expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. |
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| A means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status. i.e. Kota rite marks passage to adulthood or quinceanera ceremony for Hispanic girls 15 years old. |
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| Anticipatory Socialization |
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Definition
| The processes of socialization in which a person rehearses for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. |
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Definition
| Process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. |
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Term
| Goffman: Total institution |
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Definition
| An institution that regulates all aspects of a person's life under a single authority, i.e. prison, military, convents. |
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| An aspect within some total institutions of being subjected to humiliating rituals. |
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Definition
| Adults who simultaneously try to meet competing needs of their parents and their children. |
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Term
| Atchley: Retirement phases |
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Definition
1. Preretirement:Anticipatory preparation.
2. Near phase: specific departure date.
3. Honeymoon Phase: Euphoric phase.
4. Disenchantment Phase: Letdown of new life.
5. Reorientation Phase: More realistic view of retirement.
6. Stability Phase: readjustment to life.
7. Termination Phase: Person can no longer care for themselves. |
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Definition
| Nature vs. Nurture or heredity vs environment debate. |
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| Totality of learned socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects and behavior. |
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| Defines group or society with cultural universals. George Murdock defines as common practices found in every culture including marriages, sports, etc. |
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| Discovery and invention expands culture. |
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Definition
1. Family
2. School
3. Peer groups
4. Mass media and Technology
5. Workplace
6. Religion and the State |
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| Our sense of who we are in relation to ourselves, others, and society. The self is a social thing; it's capacities for speech, decision making, planning, feeling, and desiring development through social interaction. |
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Definition
| Student of Piaget - Cognitive, moral development, series of stages, however, study was not diverse i.e. all white, all males etc. |
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| Gender moral development. Boys - establish defend rules, Girls, recreate rules to encompass more people. |
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| Study of infant nurture and social development. i.e. wire monkey with food source and carpeted money with no food source. Infants chose padded and would starve to death. |
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| Gender Socialization Toys |
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Definition
Boy Toys - trucks, military.
Girls Toys - dolls. |
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Definition
| The efforts people make to maintain the proper image and avoid public embarrassment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's typical pattern of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gestures, objects and words that form the basis of human communication. |
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