Term
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Definition
| A process by which memebers of a minority group adapt to the ways of the dominant culture. |
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Term
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Definition
Atrributes a person acquires through some combination of personal choice, effort and ability |
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Term
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Definition
| A biologically based tendency to adjust to and resolve envionrmental challenges |
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Term
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Definition
| The portion of the nonmaterial culture (Norms values and beliefes) that adjusts to material innovations |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which a goal is persued in response to an emotion such as revenge, love or loyalty. |
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Term
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Definition
| The annual number of births per every 1,000 women of a specific age group |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which a goal is pursued in respone to an emotions such as revenge love or loyalty |
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Term
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Definition
| A state in wich human life is domniate by the forces of human inovation |
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Term
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Definition
| Sucicide committed by individuals who have no life of their own and who strive to blend in with the group and have a sense of being |
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Term
| altruistic social relationships |
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Definition
| a state in which individuals have no life of their own and strive to blend in with the group to have a sense of being |
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Term
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Definition
| An observation or observations that a paradigm cannot explain |
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Term
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Definition
| Suicide committed by those experiencing dramatic changes in economic circumstances. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of laws in which everyone in South Africa was put into a racial category and issued and identity card denoting his or her race |
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Term
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Definition
| Any physical trait that is biological in origin and/or cannot be changed but to which people assin overwhelmning significance; attributes that people possess at bith, develop overtime, or possess through no effort of fault of their own |
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Term
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Definition
| A doll considered to be a role model for a child |
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Term
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Definition
| A process by which ethnic and/or racial distinctions between groups disappear because one group is absorbed into anothers group's culture or because two cultures blend together to form a new cultural system |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of government in which there is no separation of pwoer and a single person (dictator) group (family military single party) or social class hold all power |
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Term
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Definition
| Legitimate power in which people blieve that the differences in power are just and proper- that is, peopleview a leader as being entitled to give orders |
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Term
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Definition
| The region out of an audience's sight where individuals can do things that would be inapproprtiate or unexpetced on the front stage |
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Term
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Definition
| Revolutionary unprecedented or ground-breaking inventions that repsent the corner stones for a wide range of applications |
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Term
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Definition
| conceptions that people accept as true, convering how the world opperates and where the individual fits in relationship to others |
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Term
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Definition
| The annual number of births per every 1,000 people in a designated area |
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Term
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Definition
| The owners of the means of production who purchase labor; the ownsers of the means of production who exploit the labor of the proletariat |
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Term
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Definition
| An organization that uses the most efficent means to achieve a valued goal |
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Term
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Definition
| An economic system in which the raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and services are privately owned. Capitalist systems are characterized by private ownership of the means of production and are profit-driven, free of governement interference and consumer-driven |
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Term
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Definition
| The texten to which caregivers believe that their emotional balacne, physical health, social life and financials status suffer because of their caregiver roll |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of social stratification in which people are ranked on teh basis of ascribed characteristics or traits over which they have no control |
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Term
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Definition
| People whose job is to sift through information conveyed through movies, in books, in letters, on tv, on the internet, and in other venues, and then remove or block any material considered unsuitable or threatening to some audiences |
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Term
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Definition
| Those factors not subject to human will chocie or effort that determine a person' racial and/ or ethnic classification |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of choosing from a range of possible behaviors or appearances such that the choices evoke associations with a particular race or ethnic group |
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Term
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Definition
| A group whose memebers hold the same beliefs with regard to the sacred and the profane, who behabe in the same way in the presence of the sacred, and who gather in body or spirit at agreed-on times to reaffirm their commitment to those beliefs and practices |
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Term
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Definition
| "Any set of beliefs and rituals, related to the past, present and/ or future of a people (nation), which are understood in some transcendental fashion" |
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Term
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Definition
| people who articulate and promote claims and who tend to gain in some way of the targeted audience acecpts their claims as true |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of social stratification in which people are ranked on the basis of merit, talent ability or past performance |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of social stratification in which people are ranked on the basis of merit, talent ability or past performance |
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Term
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Definition
| A category that designates a person's overall status in society. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of people who share a common characteristic or life event |
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Term
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Definition
| THe experiences shared and recalled by significant numbers of people |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of domination in which a foreign power uses its superior military force to impose its political economic social and cultural institutions on an indigenous population with the aim of controlling their resources labor and marktes. A form of domination in which one country imposes its political economic social and cultural instustions on an indigenous population and the land it occupies |
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Term
| Commercialization of gender ideals |
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Definition
| The process of introducing products into the market using adveritising and sales campaigns that draw upon socially constucted standards with regard to masculinity and feminity |
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Term
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Definition
| Thinking and communication tools that are used to give and reieve complex information efficientyly and to frame and explain observations |
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Term
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Definition
| The major force that drives social change |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior and appearances that follow and maintian the standards of a group. Also the acceptance of the cutlural goals and the prusuit of these goals though legitimate means. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large corporations that own smaller corperations acquired through merger or acquisiton |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of associations and meanings that a word evokes in addition to its literal definintion |
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Term
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Definition
| the cultural frameworks (norms values belifes material culture that guide social interactions specifically behavior dialouge and interpretations of events |
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Term
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Definition
| the larger historical circumstances and social forces that bring people together for social interaction; the larger social setting in which racial and ethnic categories are recognized constructed and challenged |
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Term
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Definition
| Variables suspected of causing a spurious correlation |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which producing and acquiring the service of product is planned out in detail |
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Term
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Definition
| The wealthiest most highly diversified economies in the world |
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Term
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Definition
| Crime committed by a corperation as it competes with other companies for market share and profits |
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Term
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Definition
| Deviance that breaks the laws of society and is punished by formal sanctions |
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Term
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Definition
| the annual number of deaths per every 1,000 people in a designated area |
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Term
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Definition
| very small loosely organized groups usually founded by a charismatic leader who attracts people by virtue of his or her personal qualities |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of exisiting inventions |
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Term
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Definition
| an extreme form of ethnocentrism in which the people of sone society define the culture of another society not as merely offensive, but as so intolerable that they seek to destroy it |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which adaptive culture fails to adjust in necessary ways to material innovation |
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Term
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Definition
| The perspective that a foregin culture should not be judged by the standards of a home culture and that a behavior or way of htinking must be examined in its cultural context |
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Term
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Definition
| The strain that people from one culture experinece when they must reorient themsevles to the new ways of a new culture |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of governement in which power is viested in the citizen body, and in which memebers of that citizen body particpate directly or indirectly in the decision making process |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between birth rates and death rates |
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Term
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Definition
| a subspecialty within sociology that focuses on the study of human popoulations with articular emphasis on their size and rate of growth |
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Term
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Definition
| a hierarchical religous organization in a society in which church and state are usually spearate, led by a pofessionally trained clergy |
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Term
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Definition
| a word's literal definition |
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Term
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Definition
| any behavior or phsycial appearnce that is socially challenged and/or condemend because it departs from the norms and expectations of a group |
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Term
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Definition
| groups that are part of the larger society but whose memebers adhere to norms and calues that favor ciolation of the larger society's laws |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory of socialization that explains how delinquent behavir is leared. it refers to the idea that "when persons become criminal, they do so because of contacts with criminal patters and also because of isolantion from anticriminal patterns" |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which an idea, an invention or some other cultural item is borroowed from a foreign source |
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Term
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Definition
| Interntional or unintentional unequal treatment of individuals or groups on the basis of attributes unrelated to merit, ability or past performnce with the aim of denying equal opportunities to achieve socially valued goals |
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Term
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Definition
| a great sprititual voide accompanied by a crisis of meaning which occurs when people focus so uncritcally on the ways they go about acheiveing a calued goal that they lose sight of that goal |
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Term
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Definition
| personal or group traits such as motivation level mood and inherent ability |
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Term
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Definition
| According to DuBois this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. The double consciousness includes a sense of "two-ness" an american a negro: two souls two thought two unreconciled striings two warring ideals in one dark body whose dogged strength alone keeps its from being torn asunder |
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Term
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Definition
| the estimated number of years required for a country's population to double in size |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of veritcal mobility in which a person moves down in status |
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Term
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Definition
| Disruptive consequences to society or to some segment in society |
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Term
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Definition
| A profesionally trained religious organization governed by a hierarchy of leaders which claims as it members everyone in a society |
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Term
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Definition
| a socially created institution that coordinates human activity in the effort to produce distribute and consume goods and serivices |
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Term
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Definition
| Those experiences that train discipline and develop the mental and phsycial potentials of the maturing person |
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Term
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Definition
| A corporation or organization offering the "best" products and serices that allow consumers to get quickly from one state to another |
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Term
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Definition
| Suicide committed by individuals whose ties attaching them to others in the society are weak |
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Term
| Egoistic social relationship |
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Definition
| A state in which the ties attaching the individual to others in the society are weak |
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Term
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Definition
| The forced or voluntary departure of individuals from one country or other geographic are of intrest |
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Term
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Definition
| norms requiring or encouraging people to marry a member of the same social category |
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Term
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Definition
| Religous organizations reembling both denominations and sects composed of renegades from denominations or ecclesaie that have exsisted long enough to acquire a large followin and gain widespread respectability |
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Term
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Definition
| People who share or are bleived by themselves or others to share the same sex race and ethinicty |
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Term
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Definition
| people who share or believe they share a national origin a common ancestry a place of birth distinctive and visible social traits relgious practices style of dress body adornments lanaguge or socially important phsycial charactersitics such as skin color hair texture and/or physical build |
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Term
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Definition
| a viewpoint that uses on culture usually the home culture as the stand for judging the worth of foreign ways |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that human societies progress in stages from primitive to civilized with each stage beging characterized by a gradually more complex form of social organization |
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Term
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Definition
| norms requiring or encouraging people to emarry someone from a different social cateogry |
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Term
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Definition
| an explanation that memebers in dominant groups give to justify their actions |
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Term
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Definition
| people who have not broken the rules but who are treated as if they have done so |
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Term
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Definition
| sucide commited by those who have no hope of change and no chance of relase from oppresive discipline |
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Term
| fatalistic social relationships |
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Definition
| a state in which there is no hope of change and thus an environemnt of oppressive discipline against which there is no chance of appeal or release |
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Term
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Definition
| norms that specify appropriate ways to express internal bodily sensations |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical behavioral mental or emotional traits belived to be characteristic of females |
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Term
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Definition
| the average number of children that women bear in their lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| nomrs that aply to the detials of life or routine matters norms that applty to the mundane aspects or detials of daily life |
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Term
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Definition
| those us reisdents born in a foreign country and to parents who are not us citizens |
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Term
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Definition
| definite and syustematic laws rules regulations and policies that specify the conditions under which people should be rewarded or punished and that define the prcedures for allocating rewars and imposing punishments |
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Term
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Definition
| The region visible to the audience where people take care to create and maintain the images and behavior an audience has come to expect |
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Term
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Definition
| the contribution of a part to the order and stability within the larger system |
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Term
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Definition
| a belief in the timeless nature of sacred writings and a belief that such writings apply to all kinds of enviornments |
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Term
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Definition
| Structured organized activies that involve more than one person and a number of established constraints concerning roles rule time place and outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| The organizing of social life around the male female distinction so that peoples sex is connected to virtually every other aspect of human experience including modes of dress social rolse and eveny ways of expressing emotion and experincing sexual desire |
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Term
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Definition
| A social distinction based on culturally concieved and learned ideas about appropriate appearance, behavior and mentoal or emtional characteristics for males and females |
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Term
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Definition
| A term describing decisions that are influenced by a society's polarized definitions of masculinity and femininity rather than by criteria such as self fulfillment intrest ablity or personal comfort |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which findings can be applied to the larger population from which the sample is drawn |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of expected behaviors meanings and viewpoints that transcend those of the people participating |
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Term
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Definition
| a state in which the social political financial and cultural lives of people are the world are intertwined such that one country's problems unemploment drug abuse evniromental pollution the search for national security are part of a larger global situation |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of ever-increasing cross border flows of goods services money epople information and culture |
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Term
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Definition
| global scale forces that connect people from around the world with educational economic and political advantages explointing or pushing to the sidelines those who are not so advanteaged a term describing the internet's ability to connect those people around the world with educational economic and political advantages excluding those who are not so advantaged |
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Term
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Definition
| global forces at the grassroots level that aim to protect restore and nurture the environment and to enhance ordinay people's access to the basic resources they need to live a dignified exsistence interdependence at the grassroots level that aims to protect the environment enhance ordinary people's acces to basic resource democratize political institutions and ease tensions and prevent violent conflict between power centers and authority structures |
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Term
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Definition
| any products that are manfuactures grown or extracted from the earth such as food clothing housing automobiles coal computers and so on |
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Term
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Definition
| the organization structure that directs and coordinates people's involvment in the political activities of a country or other territory with in that country |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more people who share a disticinty identity feel a sense of belonging andtineract directly or indirectly with one anotehr |
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Term
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Definition
| a process by which a power maintains its dominance over other entities |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of beliefs taken to be accurate accounts and explanations of why things are as they are. the beliefs are not challenged or subjects to scrutiny by the people who hold them |
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Term
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Definition
| the forced or voluntary entry of individuals into a new country or other geographic area of intrest |
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Term
| individual discrimination |
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Definition
| any over action on the part of an individual that depreciates someone from the out group denies outgroup members opportunitites to participate or does violenece to their lives and property |
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Term
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Definition
| the annual number of deaths for every 1,000 infants one year old or younger |
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Term
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Definition
| spontaneous unofficial expressions of approval or disapproval that are not backed by the force of law |
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Term
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Definition
| a group with which people identify and to which they feel closely attached particularly when that attachment is founded on hatred for or opposition toward an outgroup |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of people into a designated area such as a country region city or country |
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Term
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Definition
| the invention or discovery of something new- an idea a process a pratice a device or tool |
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Term
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Definition
| a relativley stable and predictable arrangment among people that has emerged over time with the purpose of coordinating human interaction and behavior in ways that meet some social need |
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Term
| institutionalized discrimintation |
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Definition
| the established and customary way of doing thigns in society- the unchallenged rules policies and day to day pratices that impede or limity minority members achievements and keep them in subordinate and disadvantagedositions |
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Term
| integenerational mobility |
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Definition
| a form of vertical mobility in which people within a family move upward or downaward in status over two or more generations |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement within the boudaries of a single country or other designate area from one state to another from oncountry in a state to another country with in the same state and so on |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which people take as their own and accept as bidning the norms values beliefs and lanugage needed to participate in the larger community |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which people take as their own and accept as bindingthe norms values beliefs and language needed to participate in the largery community |
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Term
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Definition
| a broad term used by the medical profession to classify people with some mixture of male and female biological characteristics |
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Term
| intragenerational mobility |
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Definition
| a form of vertical mobility in which a person moves upward or downard in status during his or her lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| in this situation a dominant group defines some subgroup of epople in racial and ethnic terms thus forcing that subgroup to become appear and or feel more ethnic than they might otherwise be |
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Term
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Definition
| ethnic and racial groups that were froced to become part of country by slavery conquest or colonization |
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Term
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Definition
| a matter tat can be explained only by factors outside an individual's control and immediate enviornment |
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Term
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Definition
| unintended unanticipated disruptions to oder and stability |
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Term
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Definition
| a critical set of potential social advantages including the chance to stay alive during the first year of life to the chance to determine the quality of one's health care in the last years of life and to live independtently in old age |
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Term
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Definition
| a process in which a sense of self develops such that people see themselves relfected in other's imagined reactions to their appearnce and behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| a part's intended or anticipated effects on order and stablility |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical behavioral and mental or emotional traits believed to be characteristic of males |
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Term
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Definition
| all phsyical objects that people have borrowed discovered or invented and which they have attached meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| a process of cultural blending in which the groups involved accept many new behaviors and calues from on another. the exhance produces a new cultural system that is a blend of the previoulsy seperate system |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of people from one residence to another |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between the number of people entering and the number of people leaving a designated geographical are in a year that differeince is divded by the sizse of the relevant population and then that number is multipled by 1000 |
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Term
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Definition
| subgroups within a society that can be distinguished from members of the dominant groups by visible and indentifying characteristics including phsycial and cultural attribues. these subgroups are systematically exlcuded whether conscioulsy or unconscioulsy from full participation in society and denied equal access to positions of power privlege and wealth |
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Term
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Definition
| norms that people define as critical to the well being of a group. violation of mores results in sever forms of punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| religions in which the sacred is sought in states of being that, at their peak, can exclude all awareness of one's existence sensations thoughts and surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| an expression of disapproval for non compliance |
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Term
| negatively privileged propert class |
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Definition
| persons completely unskilled lacking property and dependent on seasonal or sporadic emplyment who constitue the very bottom of the class system |
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Term
| nonpredjudiced discriniators |
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Definition
| persons who believe in equal opportunity but engage in discriminatory behaviors beause it is to their advante to do so or because they fail to consider the discriminatory consequences of some of their actions |
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Term
| nonprejudiced nondiscriminators |
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Definition
| persons who accept the creed of equal opportunity and their conduct confroms to that creed |
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Term
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Definition
| written and unwritten rules that specify behaviors appropriate and inappropriate to a particular social situation |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship and behavior that the person ennacting a role must assume toward others in a particular status |
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Term
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Definition
| rule by the few or the concentration of decision making power in the hands of a few persons who hold the top positions in a hierarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which a few procducers dominate a market |
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Term
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Definition
| a group toward which memebers of an ingroup feel a sense of separatness oppostion or even hatred |
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Term
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Definition
| the moevement of people out of a country, regon, city, country or other designated area |
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Term
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Definition
| economies that rely on a few commodities or even a single commodity such as coffee peanuts or tobaccor or a single mineral resouce such as tine copper or zinc. economie that rely on a few or even a single commodity such as coffee peanuts or tobacco or a single mineralresouce such as tine copper or zinc |
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Term
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Definition
| a reference to geopgraphic locations know to other by their formal or informal boundarries or boders. Examples include countries state regions countie provicnes cities villages neighbordhoods and streets |
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Term
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Definition
| voluntary and often sponaneous activiety with few or no fomal rules that is not subject to constraints of time or place |
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Term
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Definition
| the totaly number of individuals traces documents territories households or groups that could be studied |
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Term
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Definition
| an expression of approval and a reward for complience |
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Term
| positivel privileged property class |
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Definition
| those individuals at the very top of the class system |
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Term
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Definition
| the probability that an individual can achieve his or her will even against another individual's oppostion |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that god has foreordained all things including the salvation or damnation of indivudal souls |
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Term
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Definition
| for all intents and purposes a state in which the service or product will be the same no matter where or when it is purchased |
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Term
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Definition
| a rigid and usually unfaborable judgment about an outroup that does not change in the face of contradictory evidence and that is applied to anyone who shares the distinguishing characteristics of that group |
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Term
| prejudiced discriminators |
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Definition
| persons who reject the notion of equal opportunity and profess a right even duty to discriminate |
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Term
| prejudice nondiscriminators |
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Definition
| persons who do not accept the creed of equal opportunity but refrain from discriminatory actions primarily because they fear the sanctions they may encounter if they are caught |
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Term
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Definition
| a social group characterized by face to face contact and strong emotional ties among its members |
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Term
| primary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| the anatomical traits essential to reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| a term describing everything that is not sacred including things opposed to the sacred and things that stand apart from the sacred albeit not in opposition to it |
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Term
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Definition
| religions in which the sacred revloves around items that symbolizesiginifcant historical events or around the lives teachigns and writings of great people |
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Term
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Definition
| the conditions that encourage poeple to move into a particular area |
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Term
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Definition
| people who have broken the rules and are caught punished and labled as outsiders |
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Term
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Definition
| the conditions that encouarge people to move out of an area |
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Term
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Definition
| a habit of thought where "peoplepermit themselves to think of human groups without the vivide sense that groups consist of individuals and that individuals display the full range of human differences" |
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Term
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Definition
| the full or partial rejection of both the cultural goals and the means of attaining those goals and the introduction of a new set of goals and means |
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Term
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Definition
| culture shock in reverse; it is experienced upon returning home after living in another culture |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of stepping outside the self and observing and evaluating it from another's viewpoint |
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Term
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Definition
| work that involves not only bearing children but caregiving managing households and educationg children |
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Term
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Definition
| the rejection of both cultural goals and the means of achieveing those goals |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of ethnocentrims in which the home culture is regarded as inferior to a foreign culture |
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Term
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Definition
| the behaviors that a person assuming a role can demand or expect from others |
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| the rejection of cultural golas but a rigid adherence to the legitiate means of attaining those goals |
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| rules that govern how people must behave in presence of the sacred to achieve an acceptable state of being |
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| the behavior expeceted of a staus in a relationship to another status |
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| a predicament in which the expectation assocaited with two ir more roles ina role set contradict one another |
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| a predicament in which the role a person is enacting includes contradictory or conflicting expectations |
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| the process of stepping outside the self and imagining how others view its appearance and behavior imaginatively from an outsider's perspective |
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| religions in which the sacred is sought in places objects and actions believed to house a god or spirit |
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| a term describing everything that is regarded as extraordinary and that inspires in blievers deep and absorbing sentiments of awe repsect mystery and reverence |
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| reactions of approval and disapproval to others' behaviors and apperances |
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Term
| secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| physical traints not essentail to reproduction (breast development quality of voice distribution of facial and body hair and skeletal form. that result from the action of so call male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones |
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Definition
| people who have broken the rulebutt whos violation goes unnoticed or if it is noticed prompts no one to enforce the law |
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| a small community of believers led by a lay ministry with no formal hierarchy or official governing body to oversee the various religious gatherings and activities. Sects typically are composed of people who broke away from a denomination becuase they came to view it as corrupt |
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Definition
| a process by which religious influence on thought and behavior are reduced |
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| the physical and or social seperation of categories of people |
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| economies characterized by moderate wealth but extreme inequality and moderate diversification. semiphripheral economies exploit peripheral economies and are in turn explited by core economies |
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| a biological concept determined on the basis of primary sex characteristics |
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| a word gesture or other learned sign ued to convey a meaning from on person to another |
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Definition
| forces outside an individual's immdiate control such as enviromental conditions |
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Definition
| actions that people take in response to others |
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Definition
| any significant alteration modification or transformaton in the organization and operation of social life |
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| methods used to teach persuade or force a group's memebers and even nonmembers to comply with and not deviate from its norms and expectations |
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Definition
| internal bodily sensations eperienced in relationships with other people |
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| ideas feelings and ways of behaving that possess the remarkable property of exsisting outside the consciouness of the individual |
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Definition
| everday events in which atleat wo people communicate and respon through lanagugge and symbolic gestures to affect one anther's behavior and thinking |
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Definition
| movenment from on class to another |
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| a situation in which a substantial number of poeple organize to change to resist change or to undo change in some area of society |
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| a position in a social structure |
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| an economic system in which the raw materials and the means of producing and distributing goods and serivces are collectively owened |
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Definition
| a process by which poeple develop their human capacities and acquire a unique personalityand indentity and by which culture is passed from generation to generation |
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| a system of social interaction |
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| the ability to connect seeminly impersonal and remote historical forces to the most basic incidents of an individuals life. the sociological imagination enabes people to distingusih between personal troubles and public issues |
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Definition
| a set of princples and definitions that tell how socieities operate and how people relate to one another and respond to their surrondings |
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Definition
| the ties that bind people to one another in a society |
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Definition
| an amorphous group of persons held together by virture of a lifestyle that has come tobe expected of all those who wish to belong to the circle |
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Definition
| the value that some characteristics impart to those who possess them causing those individuals to be regarded and treated as more valuable or more worth than persons who possess features from other categories |
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| exaggerated and inaccurate generalizations about people who are memebers of an outgroup. these generalizations are applied to everyone who shares the distinguishing characteristics of the outgroup |
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| an attribute defined as deeply discrediting because it overshadows all other attrivutes that a person might possess |
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Definition
| the established and customary rules policies and day to day practices that affect a person's life chances |
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Definition
| any situtaion in which the values goals have unclear limits people are use whetere the legitimate means that society provides will allow them to achieve the valued goals and legitimate opportunities for meeting the goals remain close to a significant portion of the population |
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Definition
| groups that share in some parts of the dominant culture but have their own distinctive values norms lanague and or material culture |
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| a concentrated residential district outside the political boudaries of a city |
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| the act of severing relationships |
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Definition
| any kind of physical phenomenon ot which people assign a name meaning or value |
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Definition
| anxiety inspringing and violent actions taken by a clandestine or semi clandestine individual group or state supported actors for idiosyncratice criminal or political reasons |
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Definition
| the average number of children that women in a sepecific population bear over their lifetime |
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Definition
| institution in which people surreneder control of their lives coluntairly or involuntarily to an administrative staff and carry out daily activities with other required to do the same thing |
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Definition
| peronsal needs problems and difficulties that can be explained in terms of individual shortcomings relate to motivate attitiude ability charcter or judgment |
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Definition
| a form of veritcal mobility in which a person moves up in status |
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Definition
| an increas in the number of cities and in the growth in the proportion of the population living in cities |
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Definition
| gneral shared conceptions of what is good right appropriate worthwhile and important with regard to conduct appearacne and sates of being |
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Definition
| movement that occurs when a change in class status corresponds to a gain or loss in rank |
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Definition
| memebers of racial or ethnic groups that came to a country expecting to improve their way of life |
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Definition
| crimes committed by persons of respectability and high social status in the course of tehir occupations |
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Definition
| a campaign to indentify investigate and correct behavior that is believed to be undermining a group or a country more often than not the behavior identified and investigaged is not the cause of a particular problem but is ia distraction that takes attention away from the real problem |
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