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| Structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society. |
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| Condition in which members of society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power. |
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| Inclusive term encompassing all of a person's material assets, including land, stocks and other types of property. |
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| 4 General systems of stratification |
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Definition
| 1. Slavery 2. Castes 3. Estates 4. Social classes |
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| Social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. |
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| Social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts. |
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| 1st system of stratification. Extreme form of legalized social inequality. People or groups that are owned by other people and are treated as property. |
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| 2nd system of stratification. Hereditary ranks that are usually religiously dictated and usually associated with Hinduism. 4 Primary castes called varnas. 5th category is dalit, or outcaste or untouchable. Caste system is ascribed status. |
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| Estate system or feudalism |
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Definition
| 3rd system of stratification. Pheasants required to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection. |
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| 4th system of stratification, based on economic position in which achieved status can influence social mobility. |
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| Economic system in which the means of production are held largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. |
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| Capitalist class that owns the means of production, such as factories and machinery. |
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| Working class. Those who must trade their labor for subsistence wages. |
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| Class consciousness (Marx) |
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Definition
| A subjective awareness of common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change. |
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| False consciousness (Marx) |
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| An attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect their objective position. |
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| A group of people who have a similar level of wealth and income. |
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| People who have the same prestige or lifestyle. |
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| The ability to exercise one's will over others. |
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| Weber's view of stratification |
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Definition
| There are 3 components of each persons stratification. 1. Class 2. Status group 3. Power |
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| Interactionist View of stratification |
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Definition
| View of stratification in light of economics using conspicuous consumption - consumption beyond what one is able to use and also conspicuous leisure. Stresses the importance of social class in determining a person's lifestyle. |
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| Functionalist view (of stratification) |
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Definition
| Social inequality is necessary so that people will be motivated to fill functionally important positions. |
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| Conflict view (of stratification) |
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Definition
| Human beings are prone to conflict over scarce resources such as wealth, status and power. |
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| A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. |
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| A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. |
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| The allocation of surplus goods and services controlled by those with wealth, status, and power reinforces the social inequality that accompanies stratification systems. |
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| Measuring Social Class - Objective Method |
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Definition
| Class is viewed largely as a statistical category. Individuals are assigned to social classes on the basis of criteria such as occupation, education, income, and place of residence. |
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| The respect and admiration that an occupation holds in a society. |
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| The reputation that a specific person has earned within an occupation. |
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| SES - socioeconomic status |
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| A measure of social class that is based on income, education and occupation. |
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| Refers to a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live in. |
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| A measure of money income that is adjusted annually to reflect the consumption requirements of families based on their size and composition, established by the government. |
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| Floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole. |
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| Long term poor who lack training and skills. |
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| The opportunities to provide people with material goods, positive living conditions and favorable life experiences. |
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| The divide of those unable to get onto the information superhighway. i.e. rural communities, the poor, minorities. |
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| The movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another. |
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| Open system (stratification) |
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Definition
| Implies that the position of each individual is influenced by his or her achieved status. |
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| Closed system (stratification) |
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Definition
| Allows little or no possibility of individual social mobility. i.e. slavery, or caste system. |
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| A horizontal change of social position. i.e. airline pilot becomes a police officer. |
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Definition
| Upward move in social class, i.e. pilot becoming a lawyer. |
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| Inter-generational mobility |
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Definition
| Involves changes in the social position of children relative to their parents. i.e. a plumber whose father was a physician is an example of downward inter-generational mobility. |
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Term
| Intra-generational mobility |
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Definition
| Involves changes in the social position within a person's adult life. i.e. a woman who enters the work force as a teachers aide and eventually becomes superintendent of the school district. |
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| Moving within a specified grouping of occupations either up or down. |
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| The tax breaks, direct payments, and grants that the government makes to corporations. |
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| A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility. |
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| American viewpoint of itself and therefore others in terms of what and how we consume rather than produce. |
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Term
| American Individual Success Model |
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Definition
| Cultural model that combines individualism with optimism and a belief in self-discipline and hard work. Success or failure are believed to be the result of individual qualities and efforts and inequalities are assumed to be based on merit and personal shortcomings. Societal myths such as the "American Dream" imply that society is open and meritocratic, and that social mobility for the better is simply the result of hard work; however, long-standing inequalities suggest that this is not the case. |
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