Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intro to SCI
Exam 1
38
Medical
Graduate
02/26/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the most common age for obtaining an SCI?
Definition
19
Term
What gender is most common for SCI?
Definition
80% are males
Term
What ethnic group is most common for SCI?
Definition
63% is caucasian, the AA, hispanic, then other
Term
What is the most common mechanism of injury for SCI?
Definition
41% - MVA
15% - Violence
27% - Falls
Term
What is the most common mechanism for SCI after age 45?
Definition
Falls
Term
What is the most common neurological level for SCI?
Definition
Incomplete tetra, then complete para
Term
Do most SCI pts have a job?
Definition
Over half are unemployed at the time of injury
Term
Now days, what is the typical length of stay for tetras and paras?
Definition
38 days
Term
What is the leading cause of death for persons with SCI?
Definition
Respiratory Complications
Term
What are some direct causes of cervical injuries?
Definition
-Flexion - seatbelt/MVA; forward movement of body where head comes down quickly
-Vertical Compression - diving/burst fx
-Extension - Fall
-Rotation - can be combined with flex/ext
Term
What are some direct causes for thoracic SCI?
Definition
Most are caused by excessive force b/c rib cage helps protect; violent hit
-Flexion, Rotation, Vertical Compression, Extension
-Gunshot wounds, knifings, some MVA with extreme flex/ext
-Tends to be complete
Term
What are some direct causes for lumbar SCI?
Definition
-Tends to be incomplete here due to the large vertebral bodies to protect
-Rotation, Flexion with distraction, Shear, and Vertical Compression
Term
The actual fracture or injury
Definition
Primary Damage
Term
Swelling or bleeding in the area of injury.
Definition
Secondary damage
Term
What are some indirect causes of SCI?
Definition
-Transverse myelitis
-MS, tumor
-Spinal degeneration
-IV disk distension
-Ischemia or hemorrhage
-Congenital malformation as in spina bifida
Term
Is ASIA classification for both direct and indirect injuries?
Definition
No, direct ONLY
Term
Where all extremities are involved. Impairment of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical segments of the SC. Results in the impairment of function in the UEs, trunk and LEs
Definition
Tetraplegia (quad)
Down to C8
Term
Where the UEs are not involved. Impairment of motor and/or sensory function in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral segments of the SC. Depending on the injury level may involve the LEs and trunk. T1 is the first level for this
Definition
Paraplegia
Term
The most caudal segment of the SC with normal sensory motor function on both sides of the body. May be defined as 4 separate areas of the body such as (R sensory C3, L sensory C4, R motor C5, L motor C4)
Definition
Neurological level
Term
This can be tested by a pinprick or touch. It is the most caudal segment of the SC with normal sensory function. May be different on each side.
Definition
Sensory Level
Term
This is the most caudal segment of the SC with normal motor function. May be different on each side
Definition
Motor Level
Term
The spinal level where the greatest vertebral damage is found. Many times this is different than the neuro level. The neuro level is what the pt functions at.
Definition
Skeletal level
Term
If your pt has a motor index score of 4- what is that? Also, what is a 4+
Definition
4- turns into a 3
4+ turns into a 5
4 is still a 4
Term
The absence of sensory and motor function in the lowest sacral segment. No sacral sparing (S4/S5)
Definition
Complete injuries
Term
Partial preservation of sensory and/or motor function found below the neurological level AND includes the lowest sacral segment
Definition
Incomplete Injuries
Term
Sensation at the anal mucocutaneous junction as well as deep anal sensation
Definition
Sacral Sensation
Term
Presence of voluntary contraction of the external and anal sphincter upon digital examination
Definition
Motor Function
Term
Where up to 3 segments below may make some recovery. Dermatomes and myotomes caudal to the neurological level that remains partially innervated. The number of segments below the lowest normal segments is recorded as this. May be different on each side. ONLY USED FOR COMPLETE INJURIES!
Definition
ZPP - Zone of Partial Preservation
Term
A lesion, occurring almost exclusively in the cervical region, that produces sacral sensory sparing and greater weakness in the upper limbs than in the lower limbs
Definition
Central Cord Syndrome
Term
A lesion that produces relatively greater ipsilateral proprioceptive and motor loss and contralateral loss of sensitivity to pin prick and temperature
Definition
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Term
A lesion that produces variable loss of motor function and of sensitivity to pin prick and temperature, while preserving proprioception
Definition
Anterior Cord Syndrome
Term
Injury of the sacral cord (conus) and lumbar nerve roots within the neural canal, which usually results in an areflexic bladder, bowel, and lower limbs. Sacral segments may occasionally show preserved reflexes, e.g., bulbocavernosus and micturition reflexes
Definition
Conus Medullaris Syndrome
Term
Injury to the lumbosacral nerve roots within the neural canal resulting in areflexic bladder, bowel, and lower limbs
Definition
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Term
Characterized by a total loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic control below the level of lesion. It occurs immediately at the time of injury and can last for hours, days or weeks after the injury. During this period, there is flaccid paralysis of all musculature below the level of lesion including the smooth muscle of the visceral systems. Usually resolves within 2 weeks.
Definition
Spinal Shock
Term
Name 5 stabilization devices
Definition
-Tongs (for a cervical fx)
-Halo Vest
-Cervical Collars
-Jewet/Combination
-TLSO
Term
Name 4 hospital beds used for stability
Definition
-Stryker Frame
-Circular Frame
-Roto Rest Bed
-Standard hospital bed with special mattress
Term
When taking the pts history, name some specifics related to current injury
Definition
-Medical conditions directly or indirectly related to the SCI
-Medications clinical laboratory and other diagnostic testing
-Medical and surgical history related to the SCI including mechanism of injury, fractures, stabilization surgeries
-Social/family info
-Pt and family goals and expected outcomes
Term
What things would you look for in the systems review of the GI system?
Definition
-Ileus - profound decreased bowel motility can occur during the period of spinal shock, with loss of bowel sounds for 24 to 72 hours after injury.
-GI hemorrhage occurs in 3-5% of pts
-Use of corticosteroids may increase GI bleed risk
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