Term
| What are the types of experimental control? |
|
Definition
| subject selection,subject assignment to conditions in experiment,manipulation of independent variable,measurement of dependent variable,specific controls |
|
|
Term
| Subject selection is important for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Subject assignment to conditions in experiments are important for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does manipulation of independent variable consist of? |
|
Definition
a. instructional / straightforward
b. staged / event; often depends on
c. strength of manipulation (levels of independent variable)
d. manipulation checks
e. pilot studies |
|
|
Term
| Staged events often depends on |
|
Definition
| Confederates and deception |
|
|
Term
| The str of independent variable has things to be considered... |
|
Definition
| Useful in tracking the effect size as a funtion of manipulation str, ethical concerns, realistic limits, and cost |
|
|
Term
| What are manipulation checks? |
|
Definition
| An attempt to directly measure whether the independent variable manipulation has the intended effect on the participants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small scale study conducted prior to conducting an actual experiment; designed to test and refine procedures |
|
|
Term
| Straightforward manipulation is hard to replecate again |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Measurement for dependent variable |
|
Definition
i. self-report
ii. behavioral
iii. physiological
iv. physical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Personality survey; descriptive answers |
|
|
Term
| Behavioral (for dependent variable) |
|
Definition
| Direct observations of behaviors, reaction time. |
|
|
Term
| Physiological (for dependent variable) |
|
Definition
| Recordings of response of the body. |
|
|
Term
| What does dependent variables involve? |
|
Definition
| Types of measures, sensitivity of measures, and number of them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specific controls involve |
|
Definition
a. control for subjects’ demand characteristics
b. control for experimenter biases
c. double-blind study
d. sham control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any feature of an experiment that might inform participants of the purpose of the study |
|
|
Term
| Control for subject's demand characteristics... |
|
Definition
i. deception
ii. blind study
iii. placebo control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Researcher knows where the participants are but the participants don't know |
|
|
Term
| control for experimenter biases involves... |
|
Definition
i. naïve assistants conduct experiment
ii. automated procedures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subjects don't know where they are and neither do researchers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Same procedure and same trauma for all particpants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pre quasia experiments are |
|
Definition
a. Less rigorous than true experimental
b. Useful in studies in extralaboratorysettings; e.g., public policy implementation |
|
|
Term
| Pre quasia experiments are a. Less rigorous than true experimental designs in terms of: |
|
Definition
i. subject selection / sample size and type of Ss,
ii. subject assignment
iii. Control/manipulation of independent variable |
|
|
Term
| Quasi experimental designs are Useful in studies in extralaboratorysettings; e.g., public policy implementation such as... |
|
Definition
i. non-equivalent control-group pretest-posttest design (Gp1 ≠ Gp2)
ii. interrupted time series design. Example; new, tougher DWI law in Texas
iii. multiple time series/ control seriesdesign. Example; new, tougher DWI law in Texas but not in Oklahoma
iv.single-subject designs
v.program evaluation(e.g., new reading instruction programs at HISD)
vi.life-span, developmental studies |
|
|
Term
| i. non-equivalent control-group pretest-posttest design |
|
Definition
| You can't assume equal characteristics, one group gets treatment, the other doesn't |
|
|
Term
| ii. interrupted time series design. |
|
Definition
| No control group. one group get the original, then the law is observed, and in same time period is measured again |
|
|
Term
| multiple time series/ control series design. |
|
Definition
| One group gets no treatment and observed in two different years but same time. Other group gets treatment but is implimented the law second time around. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Used for clinical psychology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AKA ABA design introduce a treatment after baseline, then revoke treatmen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| implemented when reversal is unethical or impossible; e. g., treatment is neurosurgical procedure |
|
|
Term
| Multiple designs across subjects |
|
Definition
| observe several subjects, but treatment at different times for each subjects. See if behavior changes in each subject only after his/her treatment. |
|
|
Term
| Multiple designs across behaviors |
|
Definition
| observe single subject, and same treatment for different behaviors. See if each behavior changes after treatment. |
|
|
Term
| program evaluation involves |
|
Definition
1. Planning
2. Monitoring
3. Impact assesment
4. Cost |
|
|
Term
| life-span, developmental studies LONGITDUINAL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| life-span, developmental studies CROSS-SECTIONAL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| life-span, developmental studies SEQUENTIAL |
|
Definition
| Mix longitudinal and cross sectional |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.Subject selection
2. Experimenter variables
3. Realism of experimental study
4. Replication of studies
5. Meta-Analysis |
|
|
Term
| Limits to subject selection |
|
Definition
1. Subjects usually are college students
2. subjects usually volunteer.
3. Gender of subjects may interact with independent variable.
4. subjects at diff unis may differ
5. these problems can be viewed in terms subject variable and independent variable. |
|
|
Term
| Limits to experimenter variables |
|
Definition
a. experimenters may differ in gender, age, personality
b. these problems can be viewed in terms of EV x IV interactions |
|
|
Term
| Limits to realisim of experimental study |
|
Definition
a. experimental realism
b. mundane / ecological realism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
i. extent to which Ss are attentively involved or engaged in study
ii. need not be applicable to real world |
|
|
Term
| Mundane/ecological realism |
|
Definition
i. extent to which results and conclusion of the study apply to the real word
a) field experiments
b) laboratory studies such as visual cliff study
c) human factors an performance studies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| limits of replication of studies |
|
Definition
a. exact replication
b. conceptual/convergent replication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
i. attempts to exactly replicate methods and procedure used in a published study.
ii. useful when a new finding is totally unexpected, counter-theoretical or counter intuitive.
iii. select subjects that have same characteristics |
|
|
Term
| Conceptual/convergent replication |
|
Definition
i. relies on a variety of studies using different operational definitions of same independent variable and different dependent variables to study single theoretical construct (such as: false memory )(real life)
ii. allows for broad generalization of theoretical construct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Extensive tabulation (spread sheet) of details of a series of studies dealing with a given topic
b. correlations among all of these details are computed to assess general trends |
|
|
Term
| a. Extensive tabulation (spread sheet) of details of a series of studies dealing with a given topic |
|
Definition
i. type of manipulation
ii. strength of manipulation
iii. subject selection
iv. subject assignment
vi. types of dependent variable
v. number of dependent variables
vii. magnitude of experimental effects., etc… |
|
|
Term
| Rights and responsibilities of research ethics |
|
Definition
Human subjects
researchers
society (i.e. tax payers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
i. voluntary, informed consent
ii. information about risks (physical, psychological, social)
iii. minimization of risks
iv. information about alternative procedures and why they aren't being used
v. information of about results of research project
vi. anonymity / confidentiality
vii. information about alternative treatment and referral to professionals for at risk subjects
viii. debriefing
ix. right to withdraw |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Entrusted to keep secret;privacte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Problems of deception and misinformation |
|
Definition
I. when necessary?
ii. lack of informed consent requires debriefing
iii. alternative procedures |
|
|
Term
| What consists of alternative procedures? |
|
Definition
a) Role playing
b) simulation (zimbardo's prison study) |
|
|
Term
| What are the responsibilities of human subjects? |
|
Definition
Puncuality and cooperation.
What are researcher's rights? |
|
|
Term
| What are researchers rights? |
|
Definition
i. pursuit of knowledge
ii. freedom of thought
iii. collaberation with other researchers
iv. sharing and publishing results |
|
|
Term
| What are researcher's responsibilities? |
|
Definition
1.To subjects to treat them right.
2.To society on how to be preceived.
3.to fellow scientists: reporting results openly and honestly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
i. enjoy the benefits of science and technology
ii. minimization of adverse effects
iii. relevance-why do it?
iv. honesty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sir Cyril Burt's study and cancer research study. |
|
|
Term
| Societie's responsibilites |
|
Definition
1. support scientific research
2. provide ethical guidelines for research. |
|
|
Term
| Animal research rights are... |
|
Definition
a. guidelines for veterinary, housing, and nutritional care
b. guidelines regarding specific experimental procedures
i. purpose of research / procedure/rh factor marriage
ii. anesthesia and asepsis during surgical procedures
iii. sacrificing animals |
|
|
