Term
| common indications for CXR |
|
Definition
-pneumonia
-foreign body aspiration
-pneumothorax
-CHF
non invasive, low radiation exposure, cost $200-350 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measures lung volume and speed of airflow on inspiration and expiration
-FVC, FEV1, tidal volume, total lung capacity, peak expiratory flow
used for dx, assess asthma, COPD, pulm fibrosis
noninvasive and safe |
|
|
Term
CT scan of chest
used for dx of
how does it compare to CXR |
|
Definition
-pulmonary embolus
-lung CA
-pneumonia
-aortic dissection
higher sensitivity than CXR
higher radiation (100-400X more)
higher cost |
|
|
Term
1. spiral CT
2. multirow CT |
|
Definition
1. cont., rotating x-ray beam
quicker, higher resolution than conventional CT (individual slices)
2. latest generation CT
thinner slices, improved resolution |
|
|
Term
Asthma
obstruction or restrictive
reversible or not
triggers
sxs |
|
Definition
cause: bronchospasm
-reversible- need to relax smooth muscles
triggers: infection, tobacco smoke, allergens, stress, exercise
symptoms: wheezing, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness
PE signs: wheezing, prolonged expiration, hypoxia |
|
|
Term
COPD
obstructive or restrictive
cause
reversible or not |
|
Definition
obstructive, irreversible and progressive
cause
-alveolar wall destruct- (fewer sacs and larger)- reduced SA for gas exchange
-loss of lung elasticity- leads to small airway collapse: obstructed flow
*often associated with chronic bronchitis: inflammation and structural changes of large airways
*major risk factor: smoking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sxs: SOB, wheezing, cough w/ sputum
PE: wheeze, ronchi (course), prolonged expiration, hypoxia |
|
|
Term
pneumonia
cause
symptoms
signs |
|
Definition
cause: inflammation of/ lung parenchyma
-usually from an infection
-alveoli fill with fluid- impairs gas exchange
sxs: cough w ± sputum, fevers, pleuritic CP (hurts when they breath), dyspnea
PE: hypoxia, rales (crackles), bronchial breath sounds d/t sound transferred through fluid ("consolidation",louder), dullness to percussion |
|
|
Term
pulmonary embolus
cause
risk factors
signs and sxs |
|
Definition
cause: embolus blocks pulmonary artery, often starts as DVT
-area of lung no longer perfused adequately--> reduced oxygenation
risk factors: immobilization (car/plane ride, surgery), recent lower extremity trauma, cancer, obesity, smoking, pregnancy, OCP use
sxs: dyspnea, CP, hemoptysis
PE: tachypnea, hypoxia, possible pleural rub |
|
|
Term
lung cancer
name two types
risk factors
signs and sxs |
|
Definition
primary or metastic
risk factors: smoking (85%), radon, asbestos
sxs: dyspnea, chronic cough, hemoptysis, CP, weight loss
*often presents w/ chronic conditions |
|
|
Term
what is fingernail clubbing
what are some things that may cause it |
|
Definition
-convex nail surfaces rather than flat
causes: lung CA, TB, CF, endocarditis |
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