Term
|
Definition
| the discipline concerned with the behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism's physical state, mental state, and external environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the now discredited theory that different brain areas account for specific character and personality traits, which can be "read" from bumps on the skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wilhelm Wundt
1st Psychological Laboratory |
|
|
Term
| List 5 Psychology Perspectives |
|
Definition
Biological Perspective
Learning Perspective
Cognitive Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Psychodynamic perspective |
|
|
Term
| Define biological perspective |
|
Definition
| psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts |
|
|
Term
| Define Learning Perspective |
|
Definition
| Psychological approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person's or animal's actions; it includes behaviorism and social-cognitive learning theories |
|
|
Term
| Define Cognitive Perspective |
|
Definition
| Psychological Approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior |
|
|
Term
| define sociocultural perspective |
|
Definition
| psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior |
|
|
Term
| Define Psychodynamic Perspective |
|
Definition
| psychological approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or the movement of instinctual energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| statement that attempts to predict or account for a set of phenomena; scientific hypotheses specify relationships among events or variables and are empirically tested |
|
|
Term
| Define Operational Definition |
|
Definition
| precise definition of a term in a hypothesis, which specifies the operations for observing and measuring the process or phenomenon being defined |
|
|
Term
| Define Principle of Falsifiability |
|
Definition
| principle that a scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships |
|
|
Term
| List Types of Descriptive methods |
|
Definition
Case Studies
Observational Studies
Tests
Surveys
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| researchers observe and record one individual, very in depth |
|
|
Term
| define observational study |
|
Definition
| researchers observe and record behaviors of participants without interacting with them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in test construction, the consistency of test scores from one time and place to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure |
|
|
Term
| Define Representative Sample |
|
Definition
| group of individuals, selected from a population for study, which matches that population on important characteristics such as age and sex |
|
|
Term
| Explain Correlation vs. Experimental Studies |
|
Definition
Correlation is strength of relationship
Experimental tests one variable's effect on another |
|
|
Term
| Positive vs. Negative Correlation |
|
Definition
Positive they go the same way
Negative they go opposite ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| doctrine that human research subjects must participate voluntarily and must know enough about a study to make an intelligent decision about whether to participate |
|
|
Term
| Define: Experimental Variables |
|
Definition
| characteristics of behavior that can be measured or described by a numeric scale; variables are manipulated and assessed in scientific studies |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate Experimental and Control Conditions |
|
Definition
Experimental is condition changed from normal
Control is condition is normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unintended changes in subjects' behavior due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate Single Blind vs. Double Blind |
|
Definition
Single Blind is subjects do not know if they are in experimental or control group
Double Blind is neither subjects nor scientists know which group subjects are in |
|
|
Term
| Give an example of Advantage and Limitation of Experiments |
|
Definition
A: help determine real effect vs. placebo
L: subjects not always representative of population |
|
|
Term
| Describe Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics |
|
Definition
Descriptive: summarize & organize research data
Inferential: allow scientist to draw conclusions about validity of statistics |
|
|
Term
| Differentiate Cross-sectional vs. Longitudinal Studies |
|
Definition
Cross Sectional: all data collected at once
Longitudinal: data collected over several sessions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies; it determines how much of the variance in scores across all studies can be explained by a particular variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I: the part of personality containing inherited psychic energy (sex and aggressive)
E: part of personality that represents resaon, good sense, and rational self control
S: part of personality that represents conscience, morality, and social standards |
|
|
Term
| List Defense Mechanisms (6) |
|
Definition
Repression
Projection
Displacement
Reaction Formation
Regression
Denial |
|
|
Term
| List Psychosexual Stages of Development (5) |
|
Definition
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital |
|
|
Term
| Define Collective Unconscious |
|
Definition
| Jungian theory the universal memories and experiences of humankind, represented in the symbols, stories, and images that occur across all cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| universal, symbolic images that appear in myths, art, stories, and dreams; to Jungians, they reflect the collective unconscious |
|
|
Term
| Big 5 Factor Theory of Personality |
|
Definition
Extroversion vs. Introversion
Neuroticism vs. emotional stability
Agreeableness vs. antagonism
Conscientiosness vs. impulsiveness
Openness vs. resistance to new experience |
|
|
Term
| Define Social Cognitive Learning Theory |
|
Definition
| A major contemporary learning view of personality, which holds that personality traits result from a person's learning history and his or her expectations or events |
|
|
Term
| Compare Individualistic vs. Collectivistic |
|
Definition
I: self most important
C: harmony with group more important than self |
|
|
Term
| Explain Maslow and self actualization |
|
Definition
| Maslow said psychology didn't account for the best times in life, and said most important to personality were the qualities of one who strives for a life that is meaningful, challenging, and satisfying |
|
|
Term
| Define Humanistic Psychology |
|
Definition
| psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth, resilience, and the achievement of human potential |
|
|
Term
| Say something of Carl Rogers |
|
Definition
| We need to love ourselves, man! |
|
|
Term
| Say something of Rollo May |
|
Definition
| He liked existentialism: pilosophical approach that emphasizes the inevitable dilemmas and challenges of human existence |
|
|
Term
| List (3) Prenatal development stages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (6)Harmful Influences on Fetus |
|
Definition
German Measles
Xrays
STD
Cigarettes
Booze
Drugs |
|
|
Term
| Piaget's Cognitive Stages (4) |
|
Definition
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operations
Formal operations |
|
|
Term
| Kohlberg's (3) Stages of Morals |
|
Definition
Fear of Punishment
Conformity and Loyalty
Universal Human Rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy
Initiative
Competance
identity
intimacy
generativity
ego integrity |
|
|
Term
| Name the main portions of the nervous system (2) |
|
Definition
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell that support, nurture, insulate, and modify the functioning of neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brains ability to change and adapt in response to experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brief change in electrical voltage that occurs when a neuron is stimulated |
|
|
Term
| List types of Neurotransmitters (6) |
|
Definition
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
GABA
Glutamate |
|
|
Term
| Explain Excitatory Neurotransmiters vs. inhibitory |
|
Definition
excitatory probability goes up
inhibitory probability goes down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain structure involved in emotions and drives vital to survival |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A brain structure that relays sensory info to cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Endocrine gland at base of the brain that releases hormones to regulate other endocrine glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reticular Activating System: dense network of neurons in the core of the brain stem; screens incoming info |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain structure that regulates movement and balance |
|
|
Term
| Name and define parts of the Limbic System (2) |
|
Definition
Amygdala: involved in arousal and regulation of emotion & regulation of emotional responses
Hippocampus: stores new information in memory |
|
|
Term
| Wernicke's Area deals with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
