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Intro to Psychology
vocab
22
Psychology
Not Applicable
12/28/2004

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Cards

Term
hindsight bias
Definition
"the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it"
Term
overconfidence
Definition
tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgements
Term
random sample
Definition
sample that fairly represents a pop. b/c each member had an equal chance of inclusion
Term
random assignment
Definition
assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance
Term
illusory correlation
Definition
the perception of a relationship where none exists
Term
false-consensus effect
Definition
tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
Term
control treatment
Definition
treatment of a group in an experiment to compare w/ an experimental group
Term
operational definition
Definition
statement of the procedures used to define research variables
Term
case study
Definition
observation technique where one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles
Term
naturalistic observation
Definition
observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations w/o trying to manipulate and control the situation
Term
correlation
Definition
"statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predics the other"
Term
placebo effect
Definition
any effect on behavior caused by a placebo
Term
survey
Definition
"technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a rep. Sample"
Term
double blind
Definition
experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received treatment or a placebo
Term
single blind
Definition
experimental procedure where only the research participants are unaware of whether they are receiving treatment or a placebo
Term
standard deviation
Definition
a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
Term
mean
Definition
arithmetic average of a distribution
Term
median
Definition
the middle score in a distribution
Term
mode
Definition
the most frequently occuring score in a distribution
Term
scatterplot
Definition
a graphed cluster of dots that represent the values of 2 variables; slope of the points suggests the strength and direction of the correlation
Term
normal distribution
Definition
symmetrical bell-shaped cure that descrives the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
Term
range
Definition
the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
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