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Intro to Psych- Chapter 6
From Test 3
35
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/08/2010

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Term
Consciousness
Definition
The subjective awareness of internal and external events
Term
Attention
Definition
The internal processes used to set priorities for mental functioning
Term
Dichotic Listening
Definition
Different auditory messages are presented separately and simultaneously to each ear. The subject's task is to repeat aloud one message while ignoring the other
Term
Cocktail Party Effect
Definition
The ability to focus on one auditory message and ignore others; also refers to the tendency to notice when your name suddenly appears in a message that you've been actively ignoring
Term
Automaticity
Definition
Fast and effortless processing that requires little or no focused attention
Term
Visual Neglect
Definition
A complex disorder of attention characterized by a tendency to ignore things that appear on one side of the body (usually the left)
Term
ADHD
Definition
A psychological disorder marked by difficulties in concentrating or in sustaining attention for extended periods; can be associated with hyperactivity
Term
Circadian Rhythms
Definition
Biological activities that rise and fall in accordance with a 24 hour cycle
Term
Biological Clocks
Definition
Brian structures that schedule rhythmic variations in bodily functions by triggering them at the appropriate times
Term
Alpha Waves
Definition
The pattern of brain activity observed in someone who is in a relaxed state
Term
Theta Waves
Definition
The pattern of brain activity observed in stage 1 sleep
Term
Delta Activity
Definition
The pattern of brain activity observed in stage 3 and stage 4 sleep; it's characterized by synchronized slow waves. Also called slow-wave sleep
Term
REM
Definition
A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement and low-amplitude irregular EEG patterns resembling those found in the waking brain. REM is usually associated with dreaming
Term
REM Rebound
Definition
The tendency to increase time spent in REM sleep after REM deprivation
Term
Manifest Content
Definition
According to Freud, the actual symbols and events experience in a dream
Term
Latent Content
Definition
According to Freud, the true psychological meaning of dream symbols
Term
Activation-synthesis Hypothesis
Definition
The idea that dreams represent the brain's attempt to make sense of the random patterns of neural activity during sleep
Term
Insomnia
Definition
A chronic condition marked by difficulties in initiating or maintaing sleep, lasting for periods of at least one month
Term
Hypersomnia
Definition
A chronic condition marked by excessive sleepiness
Term
Narcolepsy
Definition
A rare sleep disorder characterized by sudden extreme sleepiness
Term
Nightmares
Definition
Frightening and anxiety arousing dreams that occur primarily during the REM stage of sleep
Term
Night Terrors
Definition
Terrifying experiences, which occur mainly in children, in which the sleeper awakens suddenly in a state of extreme panic
Term
Sleepwalking
Definition
The sleeper arises during sleep and wanders about
Term
Psychoactive Drugs
Definition
Drugs that affect behavior and mental processes through alteration of conscious awareness
Term
Tolerance
Definition
An adaptation made by the body to compensate for the continued use of a drug, and as such the user requires increasing amounts of the substance to achieve the same state of physical and behavioral effects
Term
Drug Dependency
Definition
A condition in which one experiences a physical or a psychological need for continued drug use
Term
Withdrawal
Definition
Physical reactions, such as sweating, vomiting, changes in heart rate, or tremors, that occur when a person stops taking certain drugs after continued use
Term
Depressants
Definition
A class of drugs that slow or depress the ongoing activity of the central nervous system. (ex: alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers)
Term
Stimulants
Definition
A class of drugs that increase central nervous system activity, enhancing neural transmission. (Ex: caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, Ecstasy)
Term
Opiates
Definition
A class of drugs that reduce anxiety, lower sensitivity to pain, and elevate mood; opiates often act to depress nervous system reactions (ex: Opium, heroin, morphine)
Term
Hallucinogens
Definition
A class of drugs that tends to disrupt normal mental and emotional functioning, including distorting perception and altering reality. (ex: LSD, mushrooms, marijuana)
Term
Hypnosis
Definition
A form of social interaction that produces a heightened state of suggestibility in a willing participant
Term
Hypnotic Hypermnesia
Definition
The supposed enhancement of memory that occurs under hypnosis; there is little, if any, evidence to support the existence of this effect
Term
Hypnotic Dissociation
Definition
A hypnotically induced splitting of consciousness during which multiple forms of awareness exist
Term
Meditation
Definition
A technique for self-induced manipulation of awareness, often used for the purpose of relaxation and self reflection
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