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| The science of behavior & mental processes. Describes & explains how we think, feel, & act. (Behavior: any action we can observe & record. Mental process: sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, & feelings.) |
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| When did Psychology "begin"? |
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| In a laboratory in Germany in the late 1800s, when Wilhelm Wundt ran the first true experiments in psychology's first lab. |
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| (subfield) Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. Often done by biological, developmental, cognitive, personality, & social psychologists. |
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| (Subfield) Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems. Sometimes conducted by organizational/industrial psychologists. |
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| A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, & treats people w/ psychological disorders. |
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| A branch of medicine dealing w/ psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy. |
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| An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes & predicts observations. |
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| A testable prediction, often implied by a theory. |
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| A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. |
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| Assigning participants to experimental & control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups. |
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| A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experiment controls other relevant factors. |
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| The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. |
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| The experimental factor- in psychology, the behavior or mental process- that is being measured; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. |
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A statistical measure of relationship: reveals how closely 2 things vary together & thus how well either one predicts the other.
Positive: indicates a direct relationship: 2 things increase or decrease together.
Negative: equally predictive. Inverse relationship: As one increases, the other decreases. |
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