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Definition
| process by which two pieces of info from the environment are repeatedly linked so that we begin to connect them in our minds |
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Definition
| a form of associative learning in which behaviors are triggered by association w/ events in the environment |
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Definition
| form of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated w/ a stimulus to which one has an automatic, inborn response |
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Definition
| the automatic, inborn reaction to a stimulus |
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Definition
| the environmental input that always produces the same unlearned response |
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Definition
| a previously neutral input that an organism learns to associate w/ the UCS |
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Definition
| a behavior that an organism learns to perform when presented w/ the CS |
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Definition
| restriction of a CR (such as salivation) to the exact CS to which it was conditioned |
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Definition
| extension of the association b/w UCS and CS to include a broad array of similar stimuli |
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Definition
| the weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response, which occurs when the UCS is no longer paired w/ the CS |
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Definition
| the sudden reappearance of and extinguished response |
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Definition
| the consequences of a behavior increase (or decrease) the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated |
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Definition
| the process of changing behavior by manipulating the consequences of that behavior |
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Definition
| the application of operant conditioning principles to change behavior |
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Definition
| an internal or external event that increases the frequency of a behavior |
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Definition
| innate, unlearned reinforcers that satisfy biological needs (such as food, water, or sex) |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcers that are learned by association, usually via classical conditioning |
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Term
| Positive/Negative reinforcement |
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Definition
Positive reinforcement- the presentation or addition of a stimulus after a behavior occurs that increases how often that behavior will occur
Negative reinforcement- removal of a stimulus after a behavior to increase the frequency of that behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulus, presented after a behavior, that decreases the frequency of the behavior |
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Term
| Positive/Negative Punishment |
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Definition
Positive punishment- the addition of a stimulus that decreases behavior
Negative punishment- the removal of a stimulus to decrease a behavior |
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Definition
| simple chamber used for operant conditioning of small animals |
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Definition
| the reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior |
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Definition
| reinforcement of a behavior every time it occurs |
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Term
| Intermittent reinforcement |
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Definition
| reinforcement of a behavior—but not after every response |
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Term
| Schedules of reinforcement |
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Definition
| patterns of reinforcement distinguished by whether reinforcement occurs after a certain amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of intermittent reinforcement follows a set number of responses |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which the number of responses needed for reinforcement changes |
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Definition
| pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which responses are always reinforced after a set period of time has passed |
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| Variable interval schedule |
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Definition
| pattern of intermittent reinforcement in which responses are reinforced after time periods of different duration have passed |
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Definition
| learned behavior that shifts instinctive unlearned behavior tendencies |
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Term
| Biological constraint model |
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Definition
| view on learning proposing that some behaviors are inherently more likely to be learned than others |
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Definition
| learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement and is not demonstrated until later, when reinforcement occurs |
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Term
| COnditioned taste aversion |
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Definition
| the learned avoidance of a particular taste or food |
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Definition
| learning by watching the behavior of others |
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Definition
| a description of the kind of learning that occurs when we model or imitate the behavior of others |
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Definition
| the imitation of behaviors performed by others |
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Definition
| the rapid innate learning of the characteristics of a caregiver very soon after birth |
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Definition
| the scientific study of animal behavior |
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