Term
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Definition
| **body’s primary communication network |
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Term
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Definition
**Specialized cell that communicates throughout the nervous system
**Receives and transmits info from one part of the body to another |
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Term
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Definition
**specialized cells that hold the neurons together
**Provide structural support, nutrition and removal of cell wastes |
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Term
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Definition
**Sensory neuron: conveys info to the brain from receptor cells
**Motor neuron: signals muscles to relax or contract
**Interneuron: communicates info b/w neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| **aka soma; contains structures that manufacture proteins and process nutrients, providing the energy the neurons need to function |
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Term
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Definition
| **receive messages from other neurons or specialized cells |
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Term
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Definition
**carry info from the neuron to other cells in the body
**Myelin sheath: white, fatty covering that helps insulate the axon; helping w/ the increase of the communication speed |
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Term
| Communication within the Neuron |
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Definition
**Messages are gathered by the dendrites and cell body and transmitted along the axon in the form of a brief electrical impulse called an action potential
**Produced my the movement of electrically charged particles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| **The point of communication between 2 neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| **The message sending neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| **message receiving neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| **the synaptic gap is narrow, special ion channels serve as a bridge between the neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| **presynaptic neuron is activated, it generates an action potential that travels to the end of the axon |
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Term
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Definition
| **branches at the end of the axon that contain tiny pouches, or sacs (synaptic vesicles) |
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Term
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Definition
| **chemical messengers manufactured by a neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| **neurotransmitter molecules detach from a post synaptic neuron and are reabsorbed by a presynaptic neuron so they can be recycled and used again |
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Term
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Definition
| **increases the likelihood that the post synaptic neuron will activate and generate an action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| **decreases the likelihood that the post synaptic neuron will activate |
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Term
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Definition
**stimulates muscles to contract, including the heart and stomach muscles
**Important in memory, learning and general intellectual functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| **involved in movement, attention, learning and pleasurable or rewarding sensations |
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Term
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Definition
| **involved in sleep and emotion |
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Term
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Definition
**implicated in the activation of neurons throughout the brain and helps the body gear up in the face of danger or threat
**Seems to be key player in learning and memory retrieval |
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Term
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Definition
**communicates an inhibitory message to other neurons
**Helps balance and offset excitatory messages |
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Term
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Definition
**released in response to stress or trauma and reduces the perception of pain
**Associated w/ positive mood; “runner’s high” |
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Term
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Definition
**Brain and spinal cord
**Critical to your ability to function that it is entirely protect by bone
**the brain-acts as the command center |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| **Made up of all the nerves outside the CNS that extend to the outermost borders of your body |
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Term
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Definition
**Communicates sensory info received by sensory receptors along sensory nerves to the CNS
**Carries messages from the CNS along motor nerves to perform voluntary muscle movements |
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Term
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Definition
| **Regulates involuntary functions (breathing, heart beat, digestion, etc) |
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Term
| Sympathetic branch of ANS |
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Definition
**arouses the body to expend energy
**The body’s emergency system; activates bodily systems to meet threats or emergencies
**Fight or flight response |
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Term
| Parasympathetic branch of ANS |
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Definition
| **helps the body conserve energy |
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