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| north south, 0 degrees = equator, 90 degree= poles, parralles |
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| east west, 0 degrees= prime meridian, 180degrees= international date line, meridians |
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| 94% hydrogen the rest is helium |
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| how many years of fuel does the sun have |
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| how does the sun gain energy |
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| nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium and energy |
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| electromagnetic radiation |
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| wave in fluctuating electic & magnetic feilds |
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| wavelength short, high energy |
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| long wavelengths, low energy |
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| most of the sun's energy is emitted in |
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| amount of energy radiated by an object per unit time expressed in -3.8 x 10^20 megawatt |
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| dark spots on solar surface, which is a surface expression of solar activity |
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| bright spots on solar surface, is a surface expression of solar activity |
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| 365.25 days, shape is elliptical, closest to the sun jan. 3 |
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| latitude where sun's rays are perpendicular |
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| occur dec 21 when solar declination is 23.5 degrees south,june 21 when solar declination is 23.5 degrees North |
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| sept 20, March 20 solar declination at equator and 12 hours of sun and 12 hours of darkness |
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| results in a raising of temp. |
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| bouncing back into space without altering the wave or object |
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| wave passes through basically unaltered |
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| the reflectiveness of a surface |
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| energy that is absorbed or released during a phase change (of water) |
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| latent heat that absorb energy |
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| malting, evaporation, sublimation (solid > Gas) |
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| latent heat that release energy |
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| freezing, condensation, deposition (gas > solid) |
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| the ability or capacity to do work |
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| the potential to do work, stored |
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| average kinetic energy of a substance |
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| 0 degrees coldest temp of mixture of ice salt and water, 32 degrees water freezes, 212 water boils |
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| water freezes at 32, water boils at 212 |
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| freezing pt. of water 0 degrees, boiling pt of water 100 degrees |
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| water freezes at 273K, water boils at 373K |
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| transfer of energy do to differences in temp. |
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| transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves |
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| transfer energy through direct contact |
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| transfer of energy by mass movement |
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| angle at which sunlight hits the earth's surface, highest at solar declination (90 degrees) |
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| the length of a path through atmosphere |
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| as altitude increases temp drops |
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| thin envelop of gases around earth, has layered structure that is defined by temerature |
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| solid or liquids suspended in our atmosphere |
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| jet streams located here, temp stabalize |
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| 85km, O2 absorbs high energy waves |
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| air molecules can escape earths gravity |
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| electrified region of earths atmosphere (60-400km) |
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| order of atmosphere layers |
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| troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,thermosphere, exosphere, ionosphere |
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| air pressure(barametric pressure) |
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| the weight of the overlying column of air on a surface |
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| large convection cells in atmosphere, 3 per hemisphere low pressure areas equator 60 N 60 S, high pressure poles, 30N 30S |
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| high velocity air currents aloft |
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| bends or undulations in jet stream |
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| low pressure, winds move toward center in N. hemisphere they spin counter clockwise, S. hemisphere spin clockwise |
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| high pressure center, winds flow away from center. N. hemisphere spin clockwise, S. hemisphere spin counter clockwise |
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| seasonal reversals of wind direction Ocean to land (wet, summer) land to ocean (dry, winter) |
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| contribution of water vapor to air pressure |
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| temp air feels to human body |
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| lifting condensation level (LCL) |
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| the altitude in atmosphere where relative humidity= 100% for the rising parcel, condensation/cloudformation begins |
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| high altitude clouds are a thin whispy cloud made of ice crystals |
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| layer or sheet of clouds that cover sky |
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| massive rounded clouds(puffy) with flat base |
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| clouds that create precipitation |
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| tendency of an object to rise(float) in a fluid |
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| large body of air with properties that are uniform/similar at every level |
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| is the boundary between two airmasses |
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| two non moving air masses |
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| cold air mass is moving into the territory of a warm air mass |
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| warm air advances into cold air |
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| cold fronts move faster then cold front overtakes warm front pushing the warm air mass above |
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| air masses converging, path directed by jet stream |
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| life cycle of a cyclone and anti cyclone |
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| climate feedback mechanism |
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| internal process of climate system that alters a change already underway |
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| a process that enhances the original change |
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| a process that suppresses or reverses original change |
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| graphical representation of monthly average precip. & temperature |
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| prolonged period w/ lack of moisture |
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| permanently frozen ground |
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| representation of the climate system (mathematical) |
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| a line of thunderstorms along cold front |
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| slopes down and away from storm front |
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| rotating thunderstorm, due to up-level winds moving at different speed and direction than low level winds |
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| rapid rotating column of air around intense low pressure area, must be incontact with ground if not is classified as a funnel cloud, most rotate counter clockwise |
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| atmospheris condition (humidity, precip., temp., wind, etc.) over a short time period (hours, days, or weeks), chaotic and hard to predict (longterm) |
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| average weather conditions over long time periods (decades,centuries, and beyond) easier to predict (do to average) |
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