Term
Puppies, Pigs, and People
(criticism) |
|
Definition
Main Perspective
Fred is morally deplorable
If Fred is morally deplorable, so are carnivores
:. Carnivores are Morally Horrible
Rebuttal
(Premise 2) If carnivores get their meat from humane sources ofkilling are they technically still morally deplorbale?
|
|
|
Term
Singer and the Poor
(several objections) |
|
Definition
Main Perspective
If you know that something is going to happen and you can prevent it without causing comparable harm, you should do so. It is immoral not to.
Rebuttal
~ This is too damanding of a statement. When the comparable harm is death it seems that one would be required to bring themselves or other to the brink of death to outweigh.
~ Doesn't account for proper blame. Yes there may be people dying or starving but if that is or was not caused by me why should I be responsible for changing that?
- Baby in the fountatin rebuttal
|
|
|
Term
Deontology
(for & against) |
|
Definition
Main Perspective
Morality is based on one's intentions behind their action. One shoudl aperate only under maxims that one would want everyone to follow.
Rebuttal
~ Motives are not easy to control or know.
~ Moral Dilema's. Afghanistan story.
~ What is the proper maxim? Specific maxims are easy to want everyone to follow. |
|
|
Term
Utilitarianism
(for & against) |
|
Definition
Main Perspective
The consequences determine the morality of the action.
Rebuttal
~ Cheating? Lying?
~ Hard to predict consequences
~ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Main Perspective
Everyone should always act either selfishly or in their own self interest.
Variants
Extreme - I am the only locus of value
Weak - Everyone is a locus of value but mine outwieghs/trumps in conflict.
Rebuttal a
~ Weak Ethical egoism is essentially Psychological egoism.
~ How does one calculate/know self-interest? Is it perceived self interest? Immediate self interest? What is the good?
~ Is it therefore wrong to work to bennefit someone else? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Main Perspective
One is always acting selfishly. Even in alturisitic instances one is acting otu of their desire to help and therefore selfishly.
Rebuttal a
~ The question should really be whether or not one's desires are selfish
~ Truly a division. Imperical: Are we selfish? Philosophical: What is selfish.
|
|
|
Term
Psychological Egotism
v.
Ethical Egotism????
|
|
Definition
Psychological Egotism and Ethical egostism in some ways can cohabitate. if one if a weak ethical egotist for example it is essentially Psychological Egotism in that one does act on their |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Major Perspective
~ The truth of moral judgements are relative to ones culture:
Different cultures have different moral standards
If culture disagree about morality it is all relative
:. Morality is culutrally relative
Rebuttal
~ How is culture determined?
~ Is criticism acceptable?
~ Which culture wins out in culutral mix?
|
|
|
Term
Cartesian Skepticism
&
Humean Skepticism ???? |
|
Definition
Cartesian Skepticism
There is no way to determine that one is dreaming during a dream and therefore one cannot determine whether or not they are dreaming when awake.
Rebuttal
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Determinist
Believes all actions are determined from millions of years ago.
Compatibilism
Determinism does not conflict with Free will
Libertarian
Incompatibleist who says there is free will
~ Randomness into the equation
Pessimist
Incompatibilist who says there is not free will
~ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Religious
~ Often must believe in free-will in order to keep to religion
~ Can no believe in free-will but instead believe that god has set in all in motion with the plan.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If one has Free Will
~ It is sensible to punish for obvious reasons
If one does NOT have Free Will
~ It may still be worth is because it instead of being punishment is instead more causes put into the system. More of a chance for one to be detered from doing wrong things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. If determinism is true then everything thing has a sufficient cause
2. If everything has sufficient cause every thing is caused
3. If everything is caused there is no free will.
3. Determinsim is true
:. There is no Free Will
|
|
|
