Term
|
Definition
| the first neurotransmitter discovered in the PNS and CNS; activates skeletal muscles in the somatic nervous system and may either excite or inhibit internal organs in the autonomic system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messenger that acts as a hormone to mobilize the body for fight or flight during times of stress; neurotransmitter in the CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurotransmitter found in the brain and in the sympathetic division of the ANS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical released by a neuron onto a target with an excitatory or inhibitory effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organelle consisting of a membrane structure that encloses a quantum of neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gap that separates the presynaptic membrane from the postsynaptic membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| junction at which messenger molecules are released when stimulated by an action potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane on the transmitter-output side of a synapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane on the transmitter-input side of a synpase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membranous compartment that holds several vessicles containing a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fused presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane that allows an action potential to pass directly from one neuron to the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amine neurotransmitter that plays a role in coordinating movement, in attention and learning, and in behaviors that are reinforcing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein molecule that pumpes substances across a membrane |
|
|
Term
| transmitter-activated receptor |
|
Definition
| protein that has a binding site for a specific neurotransmitter and is embedded in the membrane of a cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "self-receptor" in a neural membrane that responds to the transmitter released by the neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quantity, equivalent to the contents of a single synaptic vessicle, that produces a just observable change in postsynaptic electric potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deactivation of a neurotransmitter when membrane transporter proteins bring the transmitter back into the presynaptic axon terminal for subsequent reuse |
|
|
Term
| small-molecule transmitter |
|
Definition
| belongs to a class of quick-acting neurotransmitters synthesized in the axon terminal from productes derived from the diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any enzyme that is in limited supply, thus restricting the pace at which a chemical can be synthesized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amine neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating mood and aggression, appetite and arousal, the perception of pain, and respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amino acid neurotransmitter that inhibits neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amino acid neurotransmitter that inhibits neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurotransmitter that controls arousal and waking; can cause the constriction of smooth muscles and so, when activated in allergic reactions, contributes to asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multifunctional chain of amino acids that acts as a neurotransmitter; act as hormones, may contribute to learning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acts as a chemical neurotransmitter gas in the activation of cellular metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acts as a neurotransmitter gas in the activation of cellular metabolism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| embedded membrane protein with two parts: a binding site for a neurotransmitter and a pore that regulates ion flow to directly and rapidly change membrane voltage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| embedded membrane protien, with a binding site for a neurotransmitter but no pore, linked to a G protein that can affect other receptors or act with second messengers to affect other cellular processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belongs to the family of guanyl-nucleotide-binding receptors coupled to a metabotropic receptors that, when activated, bind to other proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical that carries a message to initiate a biochemical process when activated by a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuron that uses acetylcholine as its main neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neural pathways that coordinate brain activity through a single neurotransmitter; cell bodies are located in a nucleus in the brainstem and axons are distributed through a wide region of the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavioral disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, blunted emotion, agitation or immobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuron containing norepinephrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mood disorder characterized by prolonged feelings of worthlessness and guilt, the disruption of normal eating habits, sleep disturbances, a general slowing of behavior, and frequent thoughts of suicide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disordered mental state of extreme excitement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavior disorder characterized by compulsively repeated acts and repetitive, unpleasant thoughts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning behavior in which a response to a stimulus weakens with repeated stimulus presentations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| learning behavior in which the response to a stimulus strenghtens with repeated presentations of that stimulus because the stimulus is stronger than normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| syndrome characterized by physiological arousal sympotoms related to recurring memories and dreams related to a traumatic event for months or years after the event |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linkage of two or more unrelated stimuli to elicit a behavioral response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in response to stimulation at a synapse, changed amplitude of an excitatory postsynaptic potential that lasts for hours to days or longer and plays a part in associative learning |
|
|
