Term
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Definition
| the nervous system's potential for physical or chemical change that enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury |
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Term
| somatic nervous system (SNS) |
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Definition
| part of the PNS that includes the cranial and spinal nerves to and from muscles, joints and skin that produce movement, transmit incoming sensory input, and inform the CNS about the position and movement of the body parts (voluntary) |
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Term
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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Definition
| part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of internal organs and glands (involuntary) |
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Term
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Definition
| conducting toward a CNS structure |
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Term
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Definition
| conducting away from CNS structure |
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Term
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Definition
| three layers of protective tissue- dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater- that encase the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
| clear solution of sodium chloride and other salts that fills the ventricles inside the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord beneath the arachnoid layer in the subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder of the motor system correlated with a loss of dopamine in the brain and characterized by tremors, muscular rigidity, and a reduction in voluntary movement |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of a cerebral hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| major structure of the forebrain, consisting of two virtually identical hemispheres and responsible for most concious behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| small protrusion or bump formed by the folding of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| a groove in brain matter, usually a groove found in the neocortex or cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| central structures of the brain, including the hindbrain, midbrain, thalamus and hypothalamus, responsible for most unconcious behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden appearance of neurological symptoms as a result of severe interruption of blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of the nervous system composed predominantly of cell bodies and blood vessels that function either to collect and modify information or to support this activity |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of the nervous system rich in fat-sheathed neural axons that form the connection between brain cells |
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Term
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Definition
| one of four cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid that cushions the brain and may play a role in maintaining brain metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres to provide a route for direct communication between them |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of cells forming a cluster that can be identified with special stains to form a functional grouping |
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Term
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Definition
| large collection of axons coursing together outside the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| large collection of axons coursing together within the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionarily the oldest part of the brain; contains the pons, medulla, reticular formation, and cerebellum structures that coordinate and control most movements |
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Term
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Definition
| midbrain area in which nuclei and fiber pathways are mixed, producing a net-like appearance |
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Term
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Definition
| central part of the brain that contains neural circuits for hearing and seeing as well as orienting movements |
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Term
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Definition
| roof of the midbrain; sensory processing, particularly visual and auditory and production of orienting movements |
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Term
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Definition
| floor of the midbrain; collection of nuclei with movement-related, species-specific, and pain-perception functions |
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Term
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Definition
| movement related to sensory inputs, such as turning the head to see the source of a sound |
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Term
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Definition
| the "between brain" that integrates sensory and motor information on its way to the cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| diencephalon structure that cotains many nuclei associated with temperature regulation, eating and drinking, and sexual behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionarily the newest part of the brain; coordinates advanced cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, and language; limbic system, basal ganglia, and the neocortex |
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Term
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Definition
| newest, outer layer of the forebrain and composed of about six layers of gray matter that creates our reality |
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Term
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Definition
| map of the neocortex based on the organization, structure and distribution of the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| subcortical forebrain nuclei that coordinate voluntary movements of the limbs and body; connceted to the thalamus and to the midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder of the basal ganglia characterized by tics |
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Term
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Definition
| disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes cingulate cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of a set of 12 nerve pairs that control sensory and motor functions of the head, neck, and internal organs; part of the SNS |
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Term
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Definition
| the bones, or segments, that form the spinal column |
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Term
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Definition
| area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal cord dorsal root |
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Term
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Definition
| the general principle that sensory fibers are located dorsally and motor fibers are located ventrally |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the ANS; arouses the body for action, such as mediating the fight or flight response to alarm by increasing heart rate and blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the ANS, acts in opposition to the sympathetic division, prepares the body for rest and digest by stiumlating digestion, slowing heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
| degenerative brain disorder related to aging that first appears as progressive memory loss and later develops into generalized dementia |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in the activity of a neuron or brain area |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in the activity of a neuron or brain area |
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