Term
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Definition
| integrates and organizs otuput signals |
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Term
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Definition
| connects CSNto tissues and organs, input and otuput signasl to and form cns |
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Term
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Definition
| spinal nerves and cranial nerves. Divided into sensoryad motor components |
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Term
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Definition
| bi groups of myelinated axons commounciating htouhout nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| white matter axons, going form one plase to another |
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Term
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Definition
| cross from right to left. White matter axon |
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Term
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Definition
| make up spinal cord white matter axons |
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Term
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Definition
| made up for white matter axons. |
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Term
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Definition
| peripheral nrvous sycytsem cluster of cell bodies (grey body) |
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Term
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Definition
| cns cluster of cell bodies, gray amtter . |
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Term
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Definition
| eminate from spinal cord. 31 pairs. C8 t12 , l5 s5, 1 coccygeal. |
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Term
| cervical nerve arrangement |
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Definition
| 8 nerves but 7 vertebra. C8 exists below vertebra 7. Eveyrthingg elseexists above respective vertebral bone. |
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Term
| relationship between spinal cord and vertebral column |
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Definition
| eventually vertebral column grwos msore than spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| endpoint of spinal cord -l1/l2. Spinal nervs ctoninue to exist below respective vertebra down to saccral and coccygeal area. |
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Term
| spinal nerves nomenclature |
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Definition
| not by the vertebra they are located next to , rather which vertebra they exit from under . |
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Term
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Definition
| exiting nerves under conus medullaris. |
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Term
| spinal nerve sensory motor organization |
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Definition
| as exist divide with sensory spinal nerve exiting dorsally and mtoor spinal enrve exiting anteiorly . The dorsal root and ventral root come together to form the psinaln erve which contains both components |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mesodermal reflection into muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| msot commonly due to herniated discs (l4-l5,l5-s1, c5-c6) |
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Term
| spinal nerve injury symptoms |
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Definition
| parasthesias (abnormal senssation), anasthesia (numbness) , pain , weakness(compression of motor efferents) |
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Term
| dicc herniations loatoins |
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Definition
| can happen mediall, or more laterally. Always label left/right |
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Term
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Definition
| several nerve levels combine to innervate one mucle. |
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Term
| preganglionic sympathetic location |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pregnglionic fibers going to diffenret le vels. Syanapse t gray ramus,synapse in chain (paravertebral gangtlion), and |
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Term
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Definition
| postganglionic fibers travelt hrough there . |
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Term
| prasympathetic postganglionic |
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Definition
| terminal ganglion near end organ. |
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Term
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Definition
| peripheral nerves with sensory motor and autonomci componenets, includes ganglia (autonomic,sensory) includes enteric nervous sytem in the wllas of GI tract. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| embryological deleopment of cns |
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Definition
| embryonic neural tube- 3 areas of devleopment at neural tube. |
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Term
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Definition
| forebrain area - divides into diencephelan (thalaomos and hypothalamus) and telencephalon (cerebral hemipsheres) - Each of these tubes has a vesicle asosciatedi wth it which wil lbecome ventricualr system. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hindbrain with metencephalonadn (pons ceerebelluM) myelonencephalon (medulla) |
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Term
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Definition
| rostal-twoards nose, caudal-towards the tail. Correspodns to superior/ifnerior inbrainstem. When get up to actual brain- rostral-front(anterior) posterior (caudaL) |
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Term
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Definition
| ventral- in front , dorsal towards back in brain stem. With flexion dorsal is towards the top, ventral is twoards the bottom. |
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Term
| upper reticular formation |
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Definition
| in the tegument (midlien of brainstem)- upper portion is mesencepheallic and rostral pontine- this area is resposnible for activating cortex |
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Term
| caudal reticular formation |
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Definition
| respnsible for sensory/motor function |
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Term
| reticular fomraiton functions |
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Definition
| respiratory rythms blood presuregi funcitonn,gi function, sleep wakefulness arousal ,balance , reflexes- facial expressiogn ag , aywn swallowing, vomiting. |
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Term
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Definition
| coma with profound motor snsory defects to body and/or face, also affects respiratory funciton. Can have felxor decorticate posturing (arms bend legs extended) or extesor decrebrate ( arm bent legs extended) |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral hemispheres (cerebral cortex and subcortical structions ) plus dienceophelon. |
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Term
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Definition
| cortex: frotnal lobe in front parietal lobe upper back portion, temporal lobe lower portion portion, cerebellum bleow temproal loe, occiptal lobe the farthest back. |
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Term
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Definition
| its size gives u idea fo itsimportantance |
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Term
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Definition
planning,organizing (Deficits
in
self
control,
motor
systems,
planning:
apraxias) |
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Term
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Definition
| sensor, perception of self and world (deficits in recognizing self or external stimuli) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| audiotry,emory, visual/auditory processing. (amenisa, inability to learn) |
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Term
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Definition
| emotional procesing. (procesing emotions, learning memroy) |
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Term
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Definition
| left controls right and vice versa. P |
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Term
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Definition
| last place motor information goes from brain to rest of body, fnront of central culsu. |
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Term
| primary somatosensory cortex |
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Definition
| first place sensorry info comes in from body- behidn sulcus. |
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Term
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Definition
| crossing from one side to othersdie of the body. Also known as commisure |
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Term
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Definition
| primary tract for motor, deccusation also occurs. (pyramidal deccusation). |
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Term
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Definition
| on left side of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| representation of parts of body in neural tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| basal ganaglia: (caudate , putamen, glbosu palldisu) . Hippocampus and amygdala |
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Term
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Definition
| have a tail that leads all the wayt o the mamilbarry bodies. Involved in learning and memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| stabalie aand support the brain duramater, arachnoid, and pia mater. |
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Term
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Definition
| strong fbrous membrane withtwo layers: outer layer isperiosteal layer (with arteries and veins meningeal). In cranial cavitytwo layers are fused, except for where they split- forming venosu sinsues. In spinal cord, outer layer is periosteium, and is seperated from inner layer The spacethere is the epidrual. |
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Term
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Definition
| plexus of vveins , arteries, fat |
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Term
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Definition
| in skull, only exists when bleeding is there. Between boen and the dura. |
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Term
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Definition
| seperates r ight and left hemisphere, inward dural fold |
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Term
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Definition
| roof over cerebellum dural fold |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as tentorial notch, where the middle brain sticks up oaut of tentroium cerebelli |
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Term
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Definition
| invaginations of inner dural layer, forming venous sinusses and create the supratentorial and subtentorial compartmetns. Also create falx cerebri, falx cerbeli and tentorium cerebelli and diaphragm sellae |
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Term
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Definition
| extension of tantoriu mcerebelli that moves fowrad . Small hole for ptiutiary to go through. |
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Term
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Definition
| cingulate gyrus into falx cerebri. Temporla lobe herniation into tentorial notch (uncal herniation). And Cerebellum hreniating thorugh foramen magnum. |
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Term
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Definition
| potential space in skull. Bleed will cause space to form. |
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Term
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Definition
| where all the major arteries and veins are . Communicated with ventricles/cavities in the brain. Constains CSF . Varies widelyover different srufaces of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| thin mebrane closely investing spain and spinal cord - contians small veseels |
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Term
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Definition
| areas with large amounts of CSF, |
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Term
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Definition
| clear coloreless liquid, a few lymphocytes arethe only cells, povides boyuancy controls extracelluar lfuid of the brain, possibly a route forh ormones and transmitters beign transported across CNS. Replaced 2-3 times a day. Produced in choroid plexus which exists |
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Term
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Definition
| chroird plxus which exists within ech of the vetnricls |
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Term
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Definition
| from each of the neural tube areas= ventricle formation. So each part of the brain ahs vetnricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| vetricle for erebral hemispheres. |
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Term
| choiroid plexus composition |
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Definition
| choroid capillary, pia mater, and choroid epithelium (from ependymal cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| small evaginatiosn of arachnoid itno sinus, larger ones are called granulations , moves csf to venosu blodo with csf pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| water in the ehad - excess csf- excess production (chroid plexus tumors) obstructions anywherein ventricle or subarachniodspace (tumor, malfomraitnos,hemorrhage), decreased reabsorption |
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Term
| communciating hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| lateral ventricles communciating w subarachnoid space. Antyhign happening internally to blow flwo fo csf within ventricular system= noncommunicating. |
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Term
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Definition
| best area to samle csf, only cauda equina at this point. Between l4 and l5. |
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Term
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Definition
| from spinal cord to white ramus communicans to sympathetic hcain, synaspe at appropriate level, or passt hrough splancnic nerve to synapse at a different ganglion. Once synapse in chain, travel up gray ramus communicans. |
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Term
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Definition
| motor from ventral root, sensory from dorsal root passes through dorsal root ganglion, combine at spinal nerves, then divide into ventral ramus (most of innervatiosn) and dorsal ramus. |
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Term
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Definition
| 12 pairs of cranial nerves, provide communication between cns and head. |
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Term
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Definition
| midbrain pons medulla- contains cranial nerves 3-12, descending motor and sensory pathway.cetners for cirulation and respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| endocrine /autonomic system contorl, relay station for everythign that will go itno cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| between two layers of cerebelli |
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Term
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Definition
| can see longitudinal fissue. Dura is in green= two layers- outer layer closelya ssociated with skull. Inner layer closely asociated with ouer layer except at folds (faux cerebri forming superios sagittal sinus.) Below that is arachnoid, ,subarachnoid space is where major arteries/vessels located (light blue) and also contains CSf. Below that is the pia- closely going in and out of hte controus fo the grey matter in teh cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| go close and attach to pia and near cns |
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Term
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Definition
cisterna magna associated withventricls, below fourth by the end of fourth ventricle (surrounding cerebellum). IT is subarachnoid space. Prepontine cistern in front of pons. around midbrain- itnerpendrucular (ventral sruface of midbrain). Quadregemenal (four bumps). to the side . around lateral edges of midbrain is ambient cistern.
lumbar cisten- dura and arachnoid go down fallign vertebra wherase as pia stays close to spina lcord forming this cisten. |
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Term
| flow of csf through ventricles |
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Definition
flow of csf. lateral ventricles in white. Goes through interventricular foramen of monroe
then through third ventricle
then through cerebral aqueduct.
then through fourth centricle- looks like diamond
exits via meian aperture (foramen of magendie) or lateral aperture (foramen of luschka) then goes to iether pontine cistern or cisterna mana to subarachnoid s pace, is eventually reabsorbed via arachnoid villi to venous sinuses (in this case the superiro saggital sinus) |
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