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Intro to Music Lit
Baroque&Classical Terms
87
Music
Undergraduate 1
10/24/2007

Additional Music Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
air de cour 
Definition

"courtly air"

 

secular in France, polyphonic or homophonic
played on voice and lute

Term
masque
Definition
theatrical genre of 17th century England featuring a mixture of declaimed poetry, songs, scenery, dance, and instrumental music
Term
tragedie lyrique 
Definition

overture with two movments

first slow with dotted rhythms, second fast

prologue

talked about politics and made king look good

5 acts 

Term
french overture
Definition

type of overture that begins with a slow intro featuring dotted rhythms and moves to a fast imitative section

commonly used in french operas and opera seria of the 17th and 18th century 

Term
divertissement
Definition
between acts of tragedie lyrique, lots of instrument and ensemble, some only instruments
Term
opera seria
Definition

serious opera

arisa and recit

exit convention

polot based in classical antiquity

rulers in good light

lots of virtuosity, espeically in da capo aria, ABA

castrati 

Term
semi-opera
Definition

story based on mythology or royalty

more music thatn ballad opera

purcell wrote many 

Term
oratorio
Definition

means prayer hall

n arrator characters and plot

big chorus and orchestra

religous story

watered down opera 

Term
cantata
Definition

hodge podge

not any others it's this

bach loved

means to sing

Term
concert spirituel
Definition

group of artists played them in public venues

not spiritual or sacred 

Term
trio sonata
Definition

three notated parts, but more than three players allowed, instrumental, not hard, much virtuosity

 

de chiesa

somber, in church, 1st movement slow, others imitative

 

de camera

secular, series of suites 

Term
concerto
Definition

grosso-2 parts, small group of soloists and ripierno, larger group

 

 solo-soloists with ripieno ensemble

 

ripieno-no soloists, no opposition 

Term
toccata
Definition
type of work for keyboard that is freely constructed, based on no preexisting material, andtypically features rapid passagework
Term
fugue
Definition

subject (theme)

exposition (when all voices have stated subject)

free section (episodes and middles entries, which are points of imitation) 

Term
chorale  
Definition

piano piece based on preexisting vocal piece

 

used often in church, chorale preludes 

Term
symphony
Definition

organized and very structured

3 sometimes 4 movements

fast, slow, fast

if a fourth appeared it was 3rd and a minuet

locked in opera overture 

Term
opera buffa  
Definition

no da capo aria or virtuosity

everyday becomes lead

bass becomes lead

simply melodies

ensemebles become very important

lots of periodic phrase structure 

Term
reform opera
Definition

no virtuosity or solo recitative

all about drama

overture plays into action

blurs lines between recit and arias

text based on greek mythology

some guy is important 

opera seria didn't die though, just less common 

Term
singspiel
Definition
opera with singing and speaking
Term
social songs
Definition

Billings

 

catches-humourous

glee-based onf olk song

canon-religious or morality lesson 

Term
the concerto madrigal 
Definition
type of madrigal which emered in early 17th century, using instruments (bass continuo with or without aditional instruments) independtly of the vocal part or parts
Term
madrigal comedies 
Definition

series of polyphonic madrigals loosely connected through plot and characters . The genre enjoyed its heyday in the closing decades of the 16th century.

 

the slopes of mount parnassus

 

 

Term
ballad opera  
Definition

type of opera popular in egnland during the 18th ccentury

featuring contemporary songs, including but not limited to ballads, mixed with dialouge 

Term
Opera  
Definition

First, Dafne by Peri

 

Best, or atleast first realy, Orfeo by Monteverdi

 

Peri and Caccini argued over having done it first... 

Term
music in convents  
Definition

many women were sent to convents because the dowry for a convent was much less than that for marrying a husband

 

many convents started up, and two thirds of them were writing polyphonic music. 

Term
motets and masses  
Definition

grand motet, vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra

 

much virtuosity in them

 

practical, a la zadok the priest. 

Term
ballet de cour  
Definition

courtly ballets, which had the monarch as the lead (someone portraying the monarch)

 

combined song, dance, and instrumental music

 

dominated in France for first 2/3 of 17th century 

Term
comedie-ballet
Definition

mixture of spoken drama and dance

 

Lully was major (he was the smart guy who took over Opera in France)

 

 

Term
instruments
Definition

violin (24 violinists of the King, keep your violinist, people just began keeping them)

winds, brass, and percussion

keyboard (Cristofori makes first pianoforte, called gravicembalo col piano e forte))

Term
sonata 
Definition

that which is sounded

 

instrumental equivalent of cantata 

Term
concerto (just it, not types)
Definition
applied to works where a combination of diverse musical forces work together, "in concert"
Term
suite  
Definition

extended series of dances

same key, switches between major and minor

two fast movements, than a slow, and at the end a lively dance in triple meter 

 

titles depend on geo location (partida in Germany)! 

Term
variation suite
Definition

presents a series of contrasting dances based on one basic thematic idea

 

in effect, a set of variations grouped as a dance suite 

Term
fortspinnung
Definition
short pauses in voices that are covered by forward motion in other voices
Term
double (suite)
Definition

tacked onto end of dance

 

connect is theme 

Term
Jean-Phillipe Rameau  
Definition

triadic hamony

 

used & "discovered" inversions 

Term
free genres (keyboard music)
Definition

3 types- imitative, non imitative, combination

 

imatitive, 3 types-ricercar, fugue, canon

 

non-imitative, 4 types-toccata, canzona, fantastia, prelude 

Term
vocal based (keyboard)
Definition
chanson and chorale
Term
dance based (keyboard)
Definition

goldberg variations (JS Bach)

 

still binary

 

sarabande, allemande, and gavotte

 

chaconne, passacaglia, folia 

Term
basso ostinato
Definition

bass that wouldn't go away

 

used in variations 

Term
tierce de picardie  
Definition

picardy third

 

ended a piece on a major triad that is otherwise minor 

Term
violin family
Definition
violin, viola, and cello reach modern day form
Term
head motif
Definition
thematic idea(s) repeated throughout a piece
Term
sinfonia
Definition
another name for concerto ripeieno
Term
Classical Dates
Definition

1750-1800

 

50 years

 

and that's all she wrote 

Term
age of enlightenment
Definition

me started believing in knowledge, and using it to help the world

 

using reason, less mysticism 

Term
Galant and Rococo
Definition
Refers to music between 1720 and 1750 that is not quite the full classical style yet
Term
empfindsamkeit
Definition

means sensibility in cherman

 

describes a characteristic aesthetic associated wtih the new style

 music focused on detail, and avoided thick textures and grandiose gestures

Term
homophony in clasical
Definition

genuine homophony, a subordinate voice or voices support a single prominent melodic line

focus moved to top line

obbligato accompaniment, secondary voices contribute material essential to a work's musical fabric 

Term
periodic phrase structure in classical
Definition

becomes common in all musical genres

 

move away from paratactic, and more toward syntactic 

Term
basso continuo in classical  
Definition

basso continuo gone, no figured bass

 

(except in secco recitative, then some bc happened) 

Term
harmonic rhythm in classical
Definition

much slower

 

baroque, harmonies change beat to beat, classical, maybe twice a measure 

Term
balance and proportion in classical
Definition
underneath all the rules of classical, there was an underlying current of turublence and unpredictability
Term
people like about sonata?
Definition

listeners could easily recongnize the signposts, and could orient themselves within a sonata form movement

 

predictability, or atleast organization 

Term
Mannheim orchestra
Definition

Best orchestra of time, conducted by J. Stamitz

 

best players, beautiful playing, ingenuity abounded 

 

Orchestra of Generals 

Term
fantasia of classical
Definition

no predictable framework

 

nothing 

Term
CPE Bach and JC Bach
Definition

sons of Bach

 

also great composers and conductors 

Term
Alberti Bass
Definition
when bass plays repeated figurations on a series of triadic harmonies
Term
reprise  
Definition

unit of music to be repeated in performance immediately after it has been first presented

 

Term
expanded binary  
Definition
no idea
Term
language of instrumental music
Definition
instruments could move you like voices
Term
instrumental forms (classical)
Definition

sonata, string quartet, symphony, concerto 

 

all had 3-4 movements

in 4 mvm form 3rd was a minuet

minuet-ABA minuet proper trio minuet proper, boisterous and adds levity

 

fast slow fast 

Term
hauptsatz
Definition
all instrument movements in a good piece relate to it....
Term
rondo
Definition

based on a dance

 

lively, usually a finale

 

ABACADA

 

A, refrain

BCD, episodes or couplets 

Term
half cadence
Definition

a switch to the dominant key

 

cadence on the dominant 

Term
sturm und drang
Definition

usually minor, characterists similar to mannerism

 

large jumps, synocopations, dynamic contrast 

Term
symphony (classical)
Definition

locked in opera oveture for years, but finally coming out

 

Battista Samartini wrote first independent symphony

 

Italian overture, fast slow fast

 

growing in size 

Term
sonata form with varied reprise
Definition

used by haydn

 there was a reprise of the exposition, but it was done with embellishments and subtle changes, so the entire thing was rewritten out

Term

dies irae 

Definition

used in Haydn's Symph 103

 

first two measures sound like opening of dies irae from the plainchant mass for the dead

 

the down up feature from dies irae is also in the symp 103 

Term
what improvements where made to the piano?(cl)
Definition

broader range of dynamics

 

more readily available 

Term
What made JC Bach's Op. 5 #2 typical?
Definition
light, easy to play, small scale, and easily played on both harpsichord and piano
Term
String Quartet (cl)
Definition

trio sonatas still exist

 

2 violins, a viola, and a violoncello 

 

four movements standard

 

Term
instruments in symphonies (cl)  
Definition

1760-strings, two oboes, maybe a flute or bassoons, and two horns near end of 1760

 

1780-trumpets and timpani

 

late1780-1790-clarinets 

Term
turkish music in symphonies
Definition
haydn used turkish instruments in his symphony (fast-drum, cymbal, tambourine, and triangle)
Term
difference between concerto then and now? cl
Definition
then, more of a colloborative effort instead of the soloist being a separate entity
Term
concerto movements? cl
Definition
3
Term
intermezzo
Definition

between acts of opera seria

 

funny and popular

became opera buffa 

Term
Guerre des Bouffons
Definition

War of Buffoons

 Over whether to keep the tragedie lyrique or to change over to the Italian Opera Buffa

Italian won

  

Term
Le devin du village
Definition

French opera writte in Italian style

 

very very very popular

 

written by Rousseau 

Term
Piccinnists and Gluckists
Definition

another opera fight

 both foreginers

Gluck was more French style, Piccini was more Italian

 

Gluck won, yay Reform opera 

Term
Sacred Music, cl
Definition

simpler, more chordal

 

kept basso continuo and strict counterpoint 

Term
Kennst du das Land
Definition

Song by Zelter

told story, very straightforward and undemanding

common Song 

Term
Carl F. Zelter
Definition

began concept of German Lied

 

was strophic, syllabic, vocal and piano very undemanding, narrow vocal range 

Term
New-England Psalm-Singer
Definition
Billings collection of social songs
Term
La serva padrona
Definition
started war of the buffoons
Term
clemenza di tito
Definition
a opera seria by Mozart with a castrato, written after Reform Opera began
Term
ritornello and its principle
Definition

literally small return, musical idea that returns at serveral points over the course of a work, usually after constrasting material

 

ritornello principle is when the composer constructs large scale forms are successive returns of an opening idea

 

big in concerto 

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