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Intro to Micro - Ch. 1-8
Mankiw's 6th Edition
18
Economics
Undergraduate 1
10/07/2011

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Term
scarcity
Definition
the limited nature of society's resources
Term
economics
Definition
the study of how society manages its scarce resources
Term
efficiency
Definition
the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources
Term
equality
Definition
the property of distributing economic prosperity uniformly among the members of society
Term
opportunity cost
Definition
whatever must be given up to obtain some item
Term
rational people
Definition
people who systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives
Term
marginal change
Definition
a small increment adjustment to a plan of action
Term
incentive
Definition
something that induces a person to act
Term
market economy
Definition
an economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services
Term
property rights
Definition
ability of an individual to own and exercise control over scarce resources
Term
market failure
Definition
situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocates resources efficiently
Term
externality
Definition
impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander
Term
market power
Definition
ability of a single economic actor (or small group of actors) to have a substantial influence on market prices
Term
productivity
Definition
quantity of goods and services produced from each unit of labor input
Term
inflation
Definition
increase in the overall level of prices in the economy
Term
business cycle
Definition
fluctuations in economic activity
Term
circular-flow diagram
Definition
visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firms
Term
production possibilities frontier (PPF)
Definition
graph that shows the combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and the available production technology
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