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Intro to Management of Policy Sciences 1
Chapter One
35
Health Care
Graduate
01/12/2011

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Term
WHO def of health
Definition
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Term
How much was US estimated to spend on healthcare in 2010?
Definition
2.6 trillion, 17.7% of GDP
Term
Determinants of health
Definition
Biology, Behaviors, social environment, physical environment, policies and intervention, quality health services
Term
Biology (as determinant of health)
Definition
genetic makeup, family history, and physical and mental health problems acquired during life.
Term
Behaviors (as determinant of health)
Definition
individual responses or reactions to internal stimuli and external conditions
Term
Social environment (as determinant of health)
Definition
interactions with family, friends, coworkers and others in the community, housing, transportation, presence of absence of violence in the community.
Term
Physical environment (as determinant of health)
Definition
that which can be seen, touched, heard, smelled and tasted. Also includes radiation, ozone, toxins, irritants, infections agents.
Term
Policies and interventions (as determinant of health)
Definition
Health promotion campaigns such as tobacco cessation, safety belts, immunization
Term
Healthcare disparities
Definition
Differences in access to healthcare, insurance coverage, and quality of service received
Term
Health disparities
Definition
Occur when one population group experiences higher burdens of illness, injury, death, or disability than another group
Term
Institute of Medicine (IOM)
Definition
Established by Congress to study healthcare disparities
Term
Recommendations of Inst of Med (IOM)'s Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
Definition
1) Raise public and provider awareness
2) Expand insurance coverage
3) Improve capacity and quantity of providers in underserved communities
4) Increase understanding of the causes and interventions to reduce disparities
Term
Definition of public policy
Definition
authoritative decisions made in the legislative, executive, or judicial branches of the government that are intended to direct or influence the actions, behaviors, or decisions of others.
Term
authoritative decisions
Definition
decisions made anywhere within the three branches of government, at any level
Term
Forms of health policies
Definition
legislation, rules and regulations established to implement laws, judicial decisions
Term
Federal Register
Definition
official daily publication of proposed and final laws
Term
Categories of public policies
Definition
1) Distributive
2) Redistributive
3) Regulatory
Term
Categories of health policies
Definition
allocative and regulatory
Term
Ideal freely competitive market
Definition
1) buyers and sellers have sufficient information to make informed decisions
2) large number of buyers and sellers
3) additional sellers can enter market
4) sellers products can be substituted
5) quantity of products or services available does not swing the balance of power toward buyers or sellers
Term
Allocative policies
Definition
Refers to subsidation
Term
Purpose of subsidation of hospitals
Definition
Prevent undersypply of hospitals in sparsely populated or low-income areas
Term
Examples of healthcare subsidation benefiting not only the poor
Definition
Medical education, Medicare (age based), employer-provided health insurance benefits exempt from taxable income status.
Term
Regulatory policies
Definition
1) market-entry restrictions
2) rate or price setting controls on providers
3) quality controls of healthcare
4) market-preserving controls
5) social regulation
Term
Define market-entry restricting regulations
Definition
licensing of healthcare practitioners and organizations
Term
Define price-setting regulation
Definition
rates of reimbursement for care (example is Medicare)
Term
Define quality control
Definition
ensure acceptable levels of safety and efficacy standards (example is FDA and Food Drug and Cosmetic Act)
Term
Define market-preserving controls
Definition
Anti-trust laws
Term
Define social regulation
Definition
workplace safety, fair employment practices, prevent environmental pollution and spread of STDs.
Term
Rene Dubos quote
Definition
"To ward of disease or recover health, men as a rule find it easier to depend on the healers than to attempt the more difficult task of living wisely."
Term
Reasons poverty impacts health
Definition
1)Poor tend to receive a patchwork of services (instead of having a healthcare home) and are treated episodically
2)Poor children tend to have low birth weight and conditions that cause school absence.
3) exposure to harmful environments, inadequate preventive services, limited access to healthcare
Term
Inner city healthcare issues
Definition
Too few providers, language barriers, functional illiteracy, marginal mental retardation
Term
What did CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2009 do?
Definition
Expands CHIP coverage to additional 4 million children and covers children and pregnant women who are legal immigrants.
Term
New jobs in healthcare 2006-2016
Definition
3 million new jobs
Term
Nursing shortage in 2020
Definition
Predicted 36% of demand will be unmet
Term
Define policy competence
Definition
dual abilities to analyze the impact of public policies on one's domain of interest or responsibility and exert influence in the public policymaking process
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