Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intro to Logic - Howard Snyder
Phil 101 WWU
27
Philosophy
Undergraduate 1
10/09/2011

Additional Philosophy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
argument
Definition
set of statements where some of the statements are intended to support another
Term
conclusion
Definition
the claim to be supported
Term
premises
Definition
statements offered in support
Term
statement
Definition
a declarative sentence that is either true or false
Term
truth values
Definition
truth and falsehood
Term
deductive argument
Definition
one in which the premises are intended to guarantee the conclusion
Term
inductive argument
Definition
one in which the premises are intended to make the conclusion probable, without guaranteeing it.
Term
deductive logic
Definition
the study of methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument guarantee its conclusion
Term
inductive logic
Definition
the study of methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument make its conclusion probable, without guaranteeing it
Term
valid argument
Definition
a deductive argument in which the premises succeed in guaranteeing the conclusion
Term
invalid argument
Definition
one in which it is not necessary that, if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true
Term
true premises, true conclusion - Valid
Definition
If harry loved Dumbledore, then Harry was sad when Dumbledore died. Harry loved Dumbledore. So, Harry was sad when Dumbledore died.
Term
true premises, true conclusion - invalid
Definition
Some Americans work in business. Donald Trump is an American. So, Donald Trump works in business.
Term
False premises, false conclusion - valid
Definition
All sharks are birds. All birds are politicians. So, all sharks are politicians.
Term
false premises, false conclusion - invalid
Definition
Every genius is a philosopher. Homestar Runner is a philosopher. so, Homestar Runner is a genius.
Term
false premises, true conclusion - valid
Definition
All dogs are ants. All ants are mammals. So, all dogs are mammals.
Term
false premises, true conclusion - invalid
Definition
Everything colored is red. Stephen Colbert is a mortician. So, Stephen Colbert is hilarious.
Term
true premises, false conclusion - valid
Definition
N/A
Term
true premises, false conclusion - invalid
Definition
All dogs are animals. All cats are animals. Hence, all dogs are cats.
Term
Unknown truth value - valid
Definition
All of the Cappadocians accepted perichoresis. Basil was a Cappadocian. So, Basil accepted perichoresis.
Term
Unknown truth value - invalid
Definition
Some hylidae are heterophoric. Maggie is heterophoric. So, Maggive is a hylidae.
Term
sound argument
Definition
a valid argument in which all of the premises are true
Term
unsound argument
Definition
invalid argument or an argument with at least one false premise
Term
argument form
Definition
a pattern of reasoning
Term
modus ponens
Definition
A > B. A. :.B
Term
variables
Definition
stand ins for statements
Term
substitution instance
Definition
an argument that results from uniformly replacing the variables in that form with statements or terms.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!