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Intro to Logic- Fallacies
fallacies + definitions
32
Philosophy
Undergraduate 1
10/01/2011

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Cards

Term
Ad Baculum
Definition
Fallacy of Relevance; appeals to force (physical/psychological)
Term
Ad Misericordium
Definition
Fallacy of Relevance; appeals to pity
Term
Ad Populum
Definition
Fallacy of Relevance; appeals to people
Term
Bandwagon
Definition
appeals to people by encouraging others to be like the group; Ad Populum; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Appeal to Vanity
Definition
appeals to people through compliments/flattery or suggests ways to obtain such things; Ad Populum; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Appeal to Snobbery
Definition
appeals to people by suggesting that they can be better than the rest; Ad Populum; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Ad Hominem
Definition
Fallacy of Relevance; attack against a person
Term
Tu Quoque
Definition
attack against a hypocrite; Ad Hominem; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Abusive
Definition
Ad Hominem; verbally accuses subject to discredit them; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Circumstantial
Definition
Ad Hominem; alludes to certain circumstances; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Accident
Definition
general rule/principle applied to a case that it is not meant to be applied to; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Straw Man
Definition
argument made off a false/misinterpreted statement; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Ignoratio Elenchi
Definition
arguer is ignorant of proof of premises; premises do not support conclusion; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Red Herring
Definition
arguer distracts audience with something else in order to avoid addressing something; Fallacy of Relevance
Term
Ad Verecundiam
Definition
appeal to unauthorized authority; Fallacy of Weak Induction
Term
Ad Ignorantium
Definition
appeal to ignorance; "no proof that x is true... so it's false"; Fallacy of Weak Induction
Term
Hasty Generalization
Definition
particular ---> universal; not representative if sample is too small/not randomly selected
Term
False Cause
Definition
Fallacy of Weak Induction
Term
Post Hoc
Definition
temporal succession (one event happens before another event); False Cause; Fallacy of Weak Induction
Term
Non Causa
Definition
cause is false for reason other than sequence of events; False Cause; Fallacy of Weak Induction
Term
Oversimplified Cause
Definition
many factors, but only one is considered; False Cause; Fallacy of Weak Induction
Term
Gambler's Fallacy
Definition
chance, not cause; False Cause; Fallacy of Weak Induction
Term
Slippery Slope
Definition
alleged chain of events that will result of a "bad" trigger which are unlikely to actually happen; Fallacy of Weak Induction
Term
False (weak) Analogy
Definition
comparison is not strong enough to support conclusion; Fallacy of Weak Induction
Term
Petitio Principii
Definition
(begging the question) circular reasoning; emitting a sketchy premise; restating premise in conclusion; Fallacy of Presumption
Term
Complex Question
Definition
Fallacy of Presumption; traps audience by combining two or more questions
Term
False Dichotomy
Definition
disjunctive statement with two unlikely alternatives; Fallacy of Presumption
Term
Suppressed Evidence
Definition
Fallacy of Presumption; evidence which may outweigh premises' support of conclusion is discluded
Term
Equivocation
Definition
Fallacy of Ambiguity; ambiguous term misused
Term
Amphiboly
Definition
Fallacy of Ambiguity; ambiguous statement (grammatical error) in the conclusion; responding to ambiguous statement of someone else
Term
Composition
Definition
Fallacy of Grammatical Analogy; parts---> whole (class statement)
Term
Division
Definition
Fallacy of Grammatical Analogy; whole---> parts
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