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Authority someone has baded on beliefs and customs of a given society. |
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| Authority that a person/persons havebecause of appeal of their personality accomplishments and ability to inspire others to believe and follow them. |
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| Authority that exists based on the political and written legal system of a modern society. Justifies that the person in power obtained their power through legal means and exercises that power through the parameters of the written legal system. |
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| Knowledge-Based Authority |
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| This authority is based on knowledge and expertise. |
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Set of customs and beliefs that have been an accepted part of society for a very long time.
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| Obvious things in life, that you are told to rely on. Sometimes are useful but they can be misleading a lot of the time. Usually limited to the senses and experience or what we're taught or believed by our society. |
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A feeling or mental 'seeing' that something is true without evidence.
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| Comes from greek word 'philosophia' which means love of wisdom. Comes from reason and consists of knowledge of the basic truths of reality and their proper and ethical application in life. |
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| First attempt to understand reality and life. Consisted of stories of gods and heroes passed down orally from one generation to the next seeking to explain the origin of the cosmos and humanity. |
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| Process of the mind that has been found in learning about the world and successfully acting in the world. Actions are those that are goal oriented and have a purpose or meaning for them. They also take the most appropriate means to achieve the goals. The goals must be possible to achieve. The goals and the actions must be compatible with eachother to achieve them. Involves combining, analyzing, and organizing information from our senses and from data stored in memory. Based on logic, evidence, experience or the meaning of words. |
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| Unit of reasoning consisting of premises and conclusions. |
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Reasons or evidence for the conclusion in an argument.
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| The thesis, or what is being proven or established. |
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| Main idea, or what is being established or proven. |
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Beliefs not argued for but taken as true.
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| Often part of a paradigm. General and basic about reality. |
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| Has sufficient evidence or sufficient credibility. |
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Example that shows a generalization to be false.
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| The theory that if everything needed a premise, then there would need to be an infinite number of arguments to prove anything. |
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Worldview, general model of reality.
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| Logical structure of an argument. Or the order and relevance of the premises. It's usually valid if the conclusion follows logically from the premises. If premises are contradictory, then the whole thing is false. |
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| When an argument has true premises. |
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Whether the premises do or do not contradict eachother.
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| Says that an argument is invalid by deriving or deducing contradictory statements from the premises. |
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Where the conclusion follows from the premises with necessity or certainty. When no other conclusion is logical.
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| Where the conclusion follows from the premises, but with probability not certainty. |
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His theory was, that if there were more than one reason to answer something, then the one with more justifications, or reasons should be the answer to the problem. In other words, the most simplest answer.
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| Means to realize that we might be wrong and have false beliefs. Means we could have prejudices and assumptions that are false, but we are humble enough to realize that we might be wrong. |
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Well-known errors in reasoning.
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Where an argument fully explains the point of view, and doesn't leave any sufficient evidence out.
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| Study of nature and the limits of knowledge. |
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Also known as ontology. Studies the nature of reality and what is really real. Existence of God, the nature of the mind and free will.
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| Nature and basis of ideas of good and right. Concerned with developing rational morality. |
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Nature of argument and study of correct reasoning. Provides for rules, methods, and principles of correct reasoning.
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Nature of art and beauty.
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| Demands the defining of terms and ask questions based on our beliefs and customs. |
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Means to put everything back together again.
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| Kind of opinion based on facts. |
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| Subjective conclusions or interpretations based on insufficient evidence illogical conclusions from sufficient evidence. |
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Based on objective empirical evidence.
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| Contains the original statements or research from those who had direct or firsthand experience. |
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| Use primary sources and give them their own interpretation, analysis, or summary. |
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| Belief that sex between a widow and one of her husband's relatives is necessary to exorcize the dead husband's spirit. |
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| Targets female children for neglect and aborting of female fetuses. |
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| Where people recall events that never really happened. |
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| Wounds in parts of the body related to that of the ones Jesus Christ had upon crucifixion. A lot of the time this is related to saints, christians, and catholics. However, it has been seen in non-religious people also. Some wounds are self inflicted while others are seen to be because of the mind believing that you have the wounds. Sometimes, hypnotherapy will get rid of this. |
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| He's the man that actually went against the teaching of the Greeks to find a more reasonable way of thinking. I think he was the father of philosophy. He was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock poison. |
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| Traveled and explored unknown areas. Went to Tonga and saw women eating at a separte table, all he was told was taboo (forbidden). |
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Went to China (1275) tells of cannibalism on those condemned to death and dead bodies couldn't be taken through windows or doors.
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Watched the practice of the SATI (wives jumping on the husband's funeral pyre).
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| Culture that believed to keep their sun god happy so he'd keep the sun shining each day, they had to sacrifice people daily by cutting the heart out and then throwing the body down the stairs. They're also famous for their pyramid like structures made to celebrate/worship their gods. |
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He was Adolf Hitler's deputy and was imprisoned for 30 years. He was arrested and tried at the Nuremberg Trials and died in prison.
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| He was the leader during the Holocaust. He came up and ran the idea, designing all the camps and killing millions of people including Jews, lesbians, gays, and other unwanted people at the time. |
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He was some important person in the communist party and became a dictator. He invented Stalinism which is where the dictator uses propaganda in a society to gain control.
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| He was a philosopher that believed in peace. He was a spiritual leader of India. |
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He came up with the four types of authority.
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| He had controversial views of the paranormal. Said that he saw parallels in beliefs in the culture. |
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