Term
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Definition
| Measures of what a person knows or can do right now |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures of a persons capacity to learn or acquire skills |
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Term
| behavioral description interview (BDI) |
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Definition
| An interview in which an applicant is asked questions about what he or she actually did in a given situation |
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Term
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Definition
| A selection decision model in which a high score in one area can make up for a low score in another area |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which a selection tool measures a theoretical construct or trait |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which a selection instrument, such as a test, adequately samples the knowledge and skills needed to perform a particular job |
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Term
| criterion-related validity |
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Definition
| The extent to which a selection tool predicts, or significantly correlates with, important elements of work behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Verifying the results obtained from a validation study by administering a test or test battery to a different sample (drawn from the same population) |
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Term
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Definition
| A selection decision model that requires an applicant to achieve some minimum level of proficiency on all selection dimensions |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequential strategy in which only the applicants with the highest scores at an initial test stage go on to subsequent stages |
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Term
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Definition
| The failure of an organization to discover, via due diligence, that an employee it hired had the propensity to do harm to others |
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Term
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Definition
| An interview in which the applicant is allowed the maximum amount of freedom in determining the course of the discussion, while the interviewer carefully refrains from influencing the applicants remarks |
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Term
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Definition
| An interview in which a board of interviewers questions and observes a single candidate |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which applicants test scores match criterion data obtained from those applicants/employees after they have been on the job for some indefinite period |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which interviews, tests, and other selection procedures yield comparable data over time and alternative measures |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of choosing individuals who have relevant qualifications to fill existing or projected job openings |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of applicants compared with the number of people to be hired |
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Term
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Definition
| An interview in which an applicant is given a hypothetical incident and asked how he or she would respond to it |
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Term
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Definition
| An interview in which a set of standardized questions having an established set of answers is used |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which a test or selection procedure measures a persons attributes |
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Term
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Definition
| The extent to which validity coefficients can be generalized across situations |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of training in which a worker entering the skilled trades is given thorough instruction and experience, both on and off the job, in the practical and theoretical aspects of the work |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach that demonstrates desired behavior and gives trainees the chance to practice and role-play those behaviors and receive feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique that operates on the principle that behavior that is rewarded, or positively reinforced, will be exhibited more frequently in the future, whereas behavior that is penalized or unrewarded will decrease in frequency |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of measuring ones own services and practices against the recognized leaders in order to identify areas for improvement |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of multiple training methods to achieve optimal learning on the part of trainees |
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Term
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Definition
| A high-ranking manager directly responsible for fostering the ethical climate within the firm |
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Term
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Definition
| Analysis of the sets of skills and knowledge needed for decision-oriented and knowledge-intensive jobs |
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Term
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Definition
| A training program that combines practical on-the-job experience with formal educational classes |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of training employees to do multiple jobs within an organization |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning that takes place via electronic media |
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Term
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Definition
| Desired outcomes of a training program |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs jointly sponsored by colleges, universities, and other organizations that offer students the opportunity to gain real-life experience while allowing them to find out how they will perform in work organizations |
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Term
| on-the-job training (OJT) |
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Definition
| A method by which employees are given hands-on experience with instructions from their supervisor or other trainer |
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Term
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Definition
| Examination of the environment, strategies, and resources of the organization to determine where training emphasis should be placed |
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Term
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Definition
| The formal process of familiarizing new employees with the organization, their jobs, and their work units |
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Term
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Definition
| Determination of the specific individuals who need training |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs that award employees on the spot when they do something particularly well during training or on the job |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of determining what the content of a training program should be on the basis of a study of the tasks and duties involved in the job |
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Term
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Definition
| Effective application of principles learned to what is required on the job |
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Term
| behavior observation scale (BOS) |
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Definition
| A behavioral approach to performance appraisal that measures the frequency of observed behavior |
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Term
| behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) |
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Definition
| A behavioral approach to performance appraisal that consists of a series of vertical scales, one for each important dimension of job performance |
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Term
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Definition
| A process whereby managers meet to discuss the performance of individual employees to ensure their employee appraisals are in line with one another |
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Term
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Definition
| A performance rating error in which an employees evaluation is biased either upward or downward because of comparison with another employee just previously evaluated |
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Term
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Definition
| An unusual event that denotes superior or inferior employee performance in some part of the job |
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Term
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Definition
| A performance appraisal that, like team appraisal, is based on TQM concepts and seeks evaluation from both external and internal customers |
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Term
| error of central tendency |
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Definition
| A performance rating error in which all employees are rated about average |
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Term
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Definition
| A trait approach to performance appraisal that requires the rater to compose a statement describing employee behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A trait approach to performance appraisal that requires the rater to choose from statements designed to distinguish between successful and unsuccessful performance |
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Term
| graphic rating scale method |
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Definition
| A trait approach to performance appraisal whereby each employee is rated according to a scale of characteristics |
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Term
| leniency or strictness error |
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Definition
| A performance rating error in which the appraiser tends to give employees either unusually high or unusually low ratings |
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Term
| management by objectives (MBO) |
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Definition
| A philosophy of management that rates performance on the basis of employee achievement of goals set by mutual agreement of employee and manager |
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Term
| manager and/or supervisor appraisal |
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Definition
| A performance appraisal done by an employees manager and often reviewed by a manager one level higher |
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Term
| mixed-standard scale method |
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Definition
| A trait approach to performance appraisal similar to other scale methods but based on comparison with (better than, equal to, or worse than) a standard |
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Term
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Definition
| A performance appraisal done by ones fellow employees, generally on forms that are compiled into a single profile for use in the performance interview conducted by the employees manager |
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Term
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Definition
| A process, typically performed annually by a supervisor for a subordinate, designed to help employees understand their roles, objectives, expectations, and performance success |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of creating a work environment in which people can perform to the best of their abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| A performance rating error in which the appraisal is based largely on the employees most recent behavior rather than on behavior throughout the appraisal period |
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Term
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Definition
| A performance appraisal done by the employee being evaluated, generally on an appraisal form completed by the employee prior to the performance interview |
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Term
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Definition
| A performance rating error in which an appraiser inflates the evaluation of an employee because of a mutual personal connection |
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Term
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Definition
| A performance appraisal of a superior by an employee, which is more appropriate for developmental than for administrative purposes |
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Term
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Definition
| A performance appraisal, based on TQM concepts, that recognizes team accomplishment rather than individual performance |
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Term
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Definition
| The concept that male and female jobs that are dissimilar, but equal in terms of value or worth to the employer, should be paid the same |
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Term
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Definition
| Pay based on an employees skill level, variety of skills possessed, or increased job knowledge |
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Term
| consumer price index (CPI) |
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Definition
| A measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed market basket of goods and services |
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Term
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Definition
| Clauses in labor agreements that provide for quarterly cost-of-living adjustments in wages, basing the adjustments on changes in the consumer price index |
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Term
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Definition
| Employees not covered by the overtime provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act |
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Term
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Definition
| A job evaluation technique using three factors knowledge, mental activity, and accountabilityto evaluate executive and managerial positions |
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Term
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Definition
| Work paid on an hourly basis |
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Term
| job classification system |
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Definition
| A system of job evaluation in which jobs are classified and grouped according to a series of predetermined wage grades |
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Term
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Definition
| The simplest and oldest system of job evaluation by which jobs are arrayed on the basis of their relative worth |
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Term
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Definition
| Employees covered by the overtime provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act |
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Term
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Definition
| An employees perception that compensation received is equal to the value of the work performed |
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Term
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Definition
| Groups of jobs within a particular class that are paid the same rate |
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Term
| pay-for- performance standard |
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Definition
| A standard by which managers tie compensation to employee effort and |
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Term
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Definition
| Work paid according to the number of units produced |
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Term
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Definition
| A quantitative job evaluation procedure that determines the relative value of a job by the total points assigned to it |
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Term
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Definition
| Wage increases larger than rises in the consumer price index, that is, the real earning power of wages |
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Term
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Definition
| Payment rates above the maximum of the pay range |
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Term
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Definition
| A survey of the wages paid to employees of other employers in the surveying organizations relevant labor market |
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Term
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Definition
| A curve in a scattergram representing the relationship between relative worth of jobs and wage rates |
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Term
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Definition
| Compression of pay between new and experienced employees caused by the higher starting salaries of new employees; also the differential between hourly workers and their managers |
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Term
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Definition
| A job evaluation system that seeks to measure a jobs worth through its value to the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| An incentive payment that is supplemental to the base wage |
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Term
| combined salary and commission plan |
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Definition
| A compensation plan that includes a straight salary and a commission |
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Term
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Definition
| A compensation rate under which employees whose production exceeds the standard amount of output receive a higher rate for all of their work than the rate paid to those who do not exceed the standard amount |
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Term
| employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) |
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Definition
| Stock plans in which an organization contributes shares of its stock to an established trust for the purpose of stock purchases by its employees |
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Term
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Definition
| Programs under which both employees and the organization share financial gains according to a predetermined formula that reflects improved productivity and profitability |
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Term
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Definition
| A gainsharing program under which bonuses are based on the overall productivity of the work team |
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Term
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Definition
| Program under which employees receive a year-end merit payment, which is not added to their base pay |
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Term
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Definition
| Guidelines for awarding merit raises that are tied to performance objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| Special nonmonetary benefits given to executives; often referred to as perks |
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Term
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Definition
| Any procedure by which an employer pays, or makes available to all regular employees, in addition to base pay, special current or deferred sums based on the profits of the enterprise |
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Term
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Definition
| A compensation plan that pays a salary plus a bonus achieved by reaching targeted sales goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bonus incentive plan using employee and management committees to gain cost-reduction improvements |
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Term
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Definition
| An unplanned bonus given for employee effort unrelated to an established performance measure |
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Term
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Definition
| An incentive plan that sets rates based on the completion of a job in a predetermined standard time |
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Term
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Definition
| A compensation plan based on a percentage of sales |
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Term
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Definition
| An incentive plan under which employees receive a certain rate for each unit produced |
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Term
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Definition
| A compensation plan that permits salespeople to be paid for performing various duties that are not reflected immediately in their sales volume |
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Term
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Definition
| A compensation plan in which all team members receive an incentive bonus payment when production or service standards are met or exceeded |
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Term
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Definition
| Tying pay to some measure of individual, group, or organizational performance |
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Term
| consumer-driven health plan (CDHP) |
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Definition
| A medical insurance plan financed by employer contributions to an employees individual health care spending account |
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Term
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Definition
| A pension plan in which contributions are made jointly by employees and employers |
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Term
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Definition
| A pension plan in which the amount an employee is to receive on retirement is specifically set forth |
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Term
| defined contribution plan |
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Definition
| A pension plan that establishes the basis on which an employer will contribute to the pension fund |
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Term
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Definition
| Care provided to an elderly relative by an employee who remains actively at work |
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Term
| employee assistance programs (EAPs) |
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Definition
| Services provided by employers to help workers cope with a wide variety of problems that interfere with the way they perform their jobs |
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Term
| flexible benefits plans (cafeteria plans) |
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Definition
| Benefit plans that enable individual employees to choose the benefits that are best suited to their particular needs |
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Term
| health maintenance organizations (HMOs) |
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Definition
| Organizations of physicians and health care professionals that provide a wide range of services to subscribers and dependents on a prepaid basis |
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Term
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Definition
| A pension plan in which contributions are made solely by the employer |
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Term
| preferred provider organization (PPO) |
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Definition
| A group of physicians who establish an organization that guarantees lower health care costs to the employer |
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Term
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Definition
| An early retirement incentive in the form of increased pension benefits for several years or a cash bonus |
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Term
| supplemental unemployment benefits (SUBs) |
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Definition
| A plan that enables an employee who is laid off to draw, in addition to state unemployment compensation, weekly benefits from the employer that are paid from a fund created for this purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| A guarantee of accrued benefits to participants at retirement age, regardless of their employment status at that time |
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Term
| workers compensation insurance |
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Definition
| State-mandated insurance provided to workers to defray the loss of income and cost of treatment due to work-related injuries or illness |
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