Term
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Definition
| personal awareness of mental activities, internal sensations, and the external environment |
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Term
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Definition
| (ser-KADE-ee-en) a cycle of rhythm that is roughly 24 hours long; the cyclical daily fluctuations in biological and psychological processes. |
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Term
| suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) |
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Definition
| (soup-rah-kye-az-MAT-ick) a cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus in the brain that govern the timing of circadian rhythms. |
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Term
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Definition
| (mel-AH-TONE-in) a hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| (e-lec-tro-en-SEF-uh-low-graph) an instrument that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to measure and record the brain's electrical activity. |
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Term
| EEG (electroencephalogram) |
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Definition
| the graphic record of brain activity produced by an electroencephalograph. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of sleep during which rapid eye movements (REM) and dreaming usually occur and voluntary muscle activity is suppressed; also called active sleep or paradoxical sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| quiet, typically dreamless sleep in which rapid eye movements are absent; divided into four stages; also called quiet sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| brain-wave pattern associated with alert wakefulness. |
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Term
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Definition
| brain-wave pattern associated with relaxed wakefulness and drowsiness. |
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Term
| hypnagogic hallucinations |
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Definition
| (hip-na-GAH-jick) vivid sensory phenomena that occur during the onset of sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| short bursts of brain activity that characterizes stage 2 of NREM sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| single but large high-voltage spike of brain activity that characterizes stage 2 of NREM sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| a temporary condition in which a person is unable to move upon awakening in the morning or during the night. |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenomenon in which a person who is deprived of REM sleep greatly increases the amount of time spent in REM sleep at the first opportunity to sleep uninterrupted. |
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Term
| restorative theory of sleep |
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Definition
| the view that sleep and dreaming are essential to normal physical and mental functioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that the unique sleep patterns of different animals evolved over time to help promote survival and environmental adaptation; also referred to as the evolutionary theory of sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| serious disturbances in the normal sleep pattern that interfere with daytime functioning and causes subjective distress. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a person regularly experiences an inability to fall asleep, to stay asleep, or to feel adequately rested by sleep. |
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Term
| restless legs syndrome (RLS) |
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Definition
| a condition in which unpleasant sensations in the lower legs are accompanied by an irresistible urge to move the legs, temporarily relieving the unpleasant sensation but disrupting sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sleep disorder in which the person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sleep disturbance characterized by an episode of walking or performing other actions during stage 3 or stage 4 NREM sleep; also called somnambulism. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sleep disturbance characterized by an episode of increased physiological arousal, intense fear and panic, frightening hallucinations, and no recall of the episode the next morning; typically occurs during stage 3 or stage 4 of 4 NREM sleep; also called sleep terrors. |
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Term
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Definition
| a category of sleep disorders characterized by arousal or activation during sleep or sleep transitions; includes sleepwalking, night terrors, sleep bruxism, and REM sleep behavior disorder. |
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Term
| REM sleep behavior disorder |
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Definition
| a sleep disorder in which the sleeper acts out his or her dreams. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and brief lapses into sleep throughout the day. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sudden loss of voluntary muscle strength and control that is usually triggered by an intense emotion. |
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Term
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Definition
| repetitive, bland and uncreative ruminations about real-life events during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| a storylike episode of unfolding mental imagery during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| a frightening or unpleasant anxiety dream that occurs during REM sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the elements of a dream that are consciously experienced and remembered by the dreamer. |
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Term
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Definition
| in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious wishes, thoughts and urges that are concealed in the manifest content of a dream. |
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Term
| activation-synthesis model of dreaming |
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Definition
| the theory that brain activity during sleep produces dream images (activation) which are combined by the brain into a dream story (synthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| a cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotist's suggestions with changes in perception, memory, and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| a suggestion made during hypnosis that the person should carry out a specific instruction following the hypnotic session. |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to recall specific information because of a hypnotic suggestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| the supposed enhancement of a person's memory for past events through a hypnotic suggestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| the splitting of consciousness into two or more simultaneous streams of mental activity. |
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Term
| neodissociation theory of hypnosis |
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Definition
| theory proposed by ernest hilgard that explains hypnotic effects as being due to the splitting of consciousness into two simultaneous streams of mental activity, only one of which the hypnotic participant is consciously aware of during hypnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| hilgard's term for the hidden, or dissociated, stream of mental activity that continues during hypnosis |
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Term
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Definition
| any one of a number of sustained concentration techniques that focus attention and heighten awareness. |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that alters consciousness, perception, mood and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a person has physically adapted to a drug so that he or she must take the drug regularly in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which increasing amounts of a physically addictive drug are needed to produce the original, desired effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| unpleasant physical reactions, combined with intense drug cravings, that occur when a person abstains from a drug on which he or she is physically dependent. |
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Term
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Definition
| withdrawal symptoms that are the opposite of a physically addictive drug's action. |
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Term
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Definition
| recurrent drug use that results in disruptions in academic, social, or occupational functioning or in legal or psychological problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| a category of psychoactive drugs that depress or inhibit brain activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| a category of depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and produce sleepiness. |
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Term
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Definition
| depressant drugs that relieve anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| a category of psychoactive drugs that are chemically similar to morphine and have strong pain-relieving properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| a category of psychoactive drugs that increase brain activity, arouse behavior, and increase mental alertness. |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of stimulant drugs that arouse the central nervous system and suppress appetite. |
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Term
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Definition
| a stimulant drug derived from the coca tree. |
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Term
| stimulant-induced psychosis |
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Definition
| schizophrenia-like symptoms that can occur as the result of prolonged amphetamine or cocaine use; also called amphetamine psychosis or cocaine psychosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| a category of psychoactive drugs that create sensory and perceptual distortions, alter mood, and affect thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychadelic drug derived from the peyote cactus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a synthetic psychadelic drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychoactive drug derived from the hemp plant. |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic club drug that combines stimulant and mild psychadelic effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| class of drugs that reduce sensitivity to pain and produce feelings of detachment and dissociation; includes the club drugs phenyclidine (PCP) and ketamine. |
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Term
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Definition
| feeling of grogginess on awakening that interferes witht he ability to perform mental or physical tasks. |
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