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Intro To Crim Chapters 1&4
From the book, Introduction to Criminal Justice 12th Edition. This is for chapters 1 AND 4 not 1 through 4. It's mostly key terms and some essential concepts.
59
Criminology
Undergraduate 1
09/17/2009

Additional Criminology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What is the 4th amendment and how does it affect the criminal justice system?

 

what stage in the system is it in?

Definition

Illegal search and seizures

 

Need justification for stopping, questioning, or searching an individual.

 

Personal Privacy

 

4th amdendment is in the investigative stage

Term

What is the 5th amendment?

 

What stage or phase of the system is it in?

 

How does it affect the criminal justice system?

Definition

It limits the admissibility of confessions.

 

The right not answer questions in police custody.

 

Double Jeapordy

 

Due process claus

 

The 5th amendment is in the accusatory stage

Term

What is the 6th amendment and how does it affect the criminal justice system?

 

what stage of the system is it in?

Definition

Speedy and public trial

 

right to an attorney

 

The rights of a defendant in the trial period.

 

the 6th amdendment is in the adjudicatory stage

Term

What is the 8th amendment and how does it affect the criminal justice system?

 

what stage in the system is it in?

Definition

The 8th amendment sets limits for bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

 

The 8th amendment is in the punishment/ sentencing stage.

Term

How did English common law start and evolve.

 

 

  What did it create that helped society?

Definition

The king settled disputes, delegated his power to judges, had circuit court, judges encountered identical cases and used the same rulings for each one.  used stare decis to stand by its decisions.

 

Common law created stability.

Term
Stare Decisis
Definition

AKA the law of precedent

 

judges must stand by court decisions on identical cases.

Term
stability caused by common law's stare decisis and law of precedence had what affect?
Definition

commercial activity flourished when they knew they werent going to get their stuff stolen.

 

they were protected by law.

Term
1787
Definition
Delegates of the colonies went to Philadelphia to improve Articles of Confederation, but instead created the Constitution.
Term
Constitution's policy on power
Definition

was delegated to different branches

 

power resides in the people

Term
Three branches, in order, and their duties
Definition

Legislative- Makes the law

 

Executive- Enforece, or executes the law

 

Judicial- Apply the law

Term
1789
Definition

constitution is put into practice

 

Mr. smith says this is the real birthday of america as we know it

Term
1791
Definition
Bill of Rights were put in place by the founding fathers
Term
The 14th amendment states that
Definition

The state gov't is prohibited to deprive liberty, life, or property, from someone w/out due process. 

 

Also known as the doctrine of incorporation-

All restricitions in the bill of rights are incorporated into the state gov't.

Term
What is a statute?
Definition

A written manifestation of law made by legislature and perhaps signed by the executive.

 

Statute makes the law known and

divides laws into misdemeanors or felonies

Term
What defines a felony?
Definition

AKA a crime

 

as a general rule, an offense punishable by death, incacaration for more than a year, substantial fine, or death.

Term
What defines a misdemeanor?
Definition

offense punishable by incarcaration for under a year and no substantial fines.

 

AKA Violations

Term
What determines if a crime is a felony or misdemeanor?
Definition
The maximum or quantum punishment allowable for the offense will determine whether a crime is a felony or misdemeanor.
Term

AKA for correspondence of actus reus and mens rea

 

 

is it required for conviction?

Definition

Corpus delicti

 

in most cases, mens rea, as well as actus reus is required for convictions. exceptions include speeding while not knowing, ect.. ( public safety or strict liability crime)

Term
What was the LEAA and what does it stand for?
Definition
The LEAA, or law enforcement assistance administration, was an agency funded by gov't to fund local and state justice agencies.
Term
Explain social control
Definition

Social Control is the ability of society and its institutions to control, manage, restrain, or direct human behavior.

 

This is mostly from parents and schools and

most effective

in early childhood.

Term
What are the three main parts of the CJ system?
Definition

Law enforcement agencies

 

The court system

 

the correctional system

Term
in-presence requirement
Definition
if a misdemeanor is committed out of the presence of the arresting officer, an arrest cannot be made.
Term
miranda warning
Definition
refusal to answer questions after arrest and to have attorneys provided
Term
Nolle prosequi
Definition

prosecutor drops a case after a complaint has been formall made

 

reasons would include:

evidence insufficiency

police error

office policy

Term
True bill of indictment
Definition
written statement of charges written by the prosecutor and approved by the grand jury
Term
the preliminary hearing is when
Definition
the court decides whether the case will go to trial
Term

an arraignment is when

(3 things)

Definition

the defendant pleas guilty or not guilty

 

the court sets bail

 

states what the charges are

Term
Plea bargaining occurs when?
Definition
before or after the arraignment
Term

court room work group consists of who?

 

what is its purpose?

Definition
prosecutor, defense lawyer, judge and others work together to settle cases with least amount of effort from the courts.
Term
Crime control perspective is a view that states:
Definition
control and harsh punishment of criminals is the best deterrent.
Term
The Rehabilitation perspective is a view that states
Definition
That giving criminals the chance to better themselves is the best crime deterrent.
Term
the due process perspective is a view that states
Definition
the emphasis on criminal's rights and following the due process procedure accurately.
Term
the nonintervention perspective is a view that states
Definition

that the least intrusive treatment is necessary

 

favors:

Decriminalization, decarcaration and diversion

Term
decriminalization is
Definition
reducing the penalty of a crime w/out legalizing it
Term
deinstitutionalizing
Definition
taking first time offenders out of jails and treat them in the community.
Term
the justice perspective is a view that states
Definition

everyone should be treated equally

 

should be evaluated on present behavior rather than past behavior

Term
the restorative justice perspective is a view that states
Definition

healing the offender, victim, and community.

 

Peace not punishment!

Term
Criminal law
Definition
Rules that define crimes, punishments, and procedures.
Term
substantive criminal law
Definition
what the crime is and what the punishment should be
Term
Procedural criminal law
Definition
Rules of the process of criminals throughout each stage of the system
Term
civil law
Definition

all law that isnt considered criminal.

 

This includes:

Tort law

personal property

commerical law

Term
a tort is
Definition
a law of personal injury
Term
intentional torts
Definition
self inflicted injuries
Term
negligent torts
Definition

injuries caused by reclessness or careless acts

 

accident with a driver who was texting

Term
strict liability tort
Definition

particular action caused by harmfully defective product

 

lifeguard not saving someone from drowning.

Term
public law
Definition
government policies relating to the public, corporation, or other gov't
Term
male in se
Definition

offenses that are just plain wrong/ evil/ malicious

 

murder

arson

theft

Term
bills of attainder
Definition

forbidden by theconstitution

 

punishment w/out trial

Term
excuse defense
Definition
mental state was impaired during the crime
Term
justification
Definition

it was reasonable or necessary under the circumstances.

 

self defense

consent

stand your ground

duress

necessity

Term
consent
Definition
defense used in rape or larceny cases
Term
self defense
Definition
offender had immediate danger
Term
stand your ground
Definition

more lenient self defense

 

someone is in your house or car

 

danger doesnt have to be immediate

Term
duress
Definition
someone forces you to commit a crime
Term
necessity
Definition
no legal alternatives - must be the lesser of the two evils.
Term
insanity
Definition
defendant's state of mind made it impossible to have mens rea to be convicted
Term
penumbral crimes
Definition

laws that are widely ignored, or dont apply.

 

example:

speed limit is changed from 55 to 65 because everyone goes over 55

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