2 goals of Freudian psychoanalytic therapy are to make the unconscious and to strengthen the ego so that behavior is based more on reality and less on instinctual cravings or irrational guilt.

Forming: Documenting

Storming: uneasy-stressed

Norming: calming

Performing:work towards goals

Closing/Journey: separation

Sessions usually 3-6

Process not limited to problem solving.

Achieving insight of past & to understand the feelings & memories connected are experienced 

*It is a therapeutic relationship-trust-creates boundaries-*establish goals-treatment plan-termination

*Communication-know clients,repor building,assessing

1. Maintain analytic (logical) framework

2. Free association(able to speak comfortably)

3. Interpretation (establishing the meaning of something)

4. Dream analysis

5. Analysis of resistance

6. Analysis of transference

Empathy-awareness-interpretation-analysis

Listening(active,empathetic,feedback)

Body Language

Tone of Voice

Appearance

Setting of how your office looks

Skills are what you use to get your information you need to process

• Dual relationship
• Do no harm
• Cover yourself
• Don't get lost in the therapeutic relationship
• Maintain professionalism & Ethic codes

• Less likely to impose them onto clients
• Personal guidance
• Consistent in being Ethical
• Make sure they take care of their issues to prevent transference
• Self awareness

Values:

Communication: 

                a. Understanding

                b. Rapor building

                c. Learning needs/assessment

                                1. Listening skill-active-empathetic-pro active-probing

                                2. Validating-feedback

1. Very important for progress for both client & counselor

                                                a. cover self interest

                                                b. effectiveness 

                                                             of service  

                                                c. appropriate referral

                                                d. legal needs

                                     2. for agency & audits

                                                a. funding

                                                b. insurance

                                                c. protect/lawsuits

                                                d. agents mission statement hold true

When you acquire a sense of wisdom & integrity is a sign of maturity. Stages (Erik Erikson)

• Birth>18mos.-Trust vs Mistrust
• 2>3yrs.-Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt
• 3>5yrs.-Initiative vs Guilt
• 6>11yrs.-Industry vs Inferiority
• 12>18yrs.-Identity vs Role confusion
• 19>40yrs.-Intimacy vs Isolation
• Maturity 65>Death-Ego integrity vs Despair

Counselors Skills & needs

a.       Credentials in Education

                                                                          i.      Experience

1.       Intern & volunteer

2.       Resources

3.       Theories & practices *harm to counselor

a.       Burn out prevention

• Don't inflict personal views onto client
• self disclosure only 2min. or less, be very careful & selective
• eye contact & body posture-important to let them know your listening & empathetic
• positive reinforcement-very important in client needs

Education

experience

community resources

internship/volunteer work

clear understanding of theories & practices

Developed by each member with their own beliefs and values

a. roles and genders

1.birth order

a. oldest-primary

Only child takes oldest child role

• exaggerated sense of self importance & exploitive attitude toward others
• seek attention and admiration from others
• unrealistically exaggerate accomplishments

explanation of human nature

combines ideas from history, mythology,anthropology, religion

• Short term
• concise
• deliberate
• direct
• efficient
• focused
• purposeful

self defeating view

attitudes, and beliefs that may have worked before but not now.

Encouragement: capability to face life tasks,used to counter discourage & help set realistic goals.

Family Atmosphere: relationship between members

Family Constellation:social & psychological structure of family system.each person develops own view of self,others,& life through the constellation.

Fictional Finalism: imagined goal gives direction to behavior & unity to personality;image of what people would be like if they were perfect & secure

Goal Alignment:2 people working towards agreed upon goal.

Guiding Self-ideal:(fictional finalism)image of a goal of perfection

Holistic Concept:cant be understood in parts,all aspect of one must be understood in relation to eachother

Individual Psychology: understanding whole person, each aspect of one is intertwined, each aspect is utilized in reaching a goal

Inferiority Feelings:early determining force in behavior,one attempts to compensate for real/fake inferiority's,this helps them overcome handicaps

Insight:awareness of therapeutic relationship,acts as foundation to change.

Interpretation:understanding clients underlying motives for behavior in the here & now

Life Tasks:universal problems in human life,work,love..

Lifestyle:core beliefs, allows them to find meaning in life events,our characteristic way of thinking,feeling,acting,living,striving towards goals.

Lifestyle Assessment:process of gathering early memories,involves learning to understand clients goals/motivations

Objective Interview:adlerians find basic info.about clients life as part of lifestyle assessment process.

Phenomenological approach:focus on way one see's world

Private Logic:lifestyle patterns,behaviors=consistency

Reorientation:help clients find new/more functional perspective & encourage taking risks,making life changes

Social Interest: sense of identification with humanity,feeling of belonging,interest in common good

Striving for Superiority:movement towards enhancing self

Style of Life:one's thinking,feeling,acting,a base of how the world is viewed & how people are able to deal w/life tasks. ones personality

Subjective Interview:process when counselor helps clients tell life story as complete as possible

The Question:initial assessment,gains understanding of purpose of symptoms/actions have in ones life."How would your life be different,& what would you do differently,if you didnt have this symptom/problem?" 

• well suited to a brief/time limited approach
• concepts & techniques of approach are highly applicable to group counseling
• striving for superiority is not seen as a neurotic manifestation
• our style of life is set before middle age
• flexible,can be tailored to work w/culturally diverse
• counselors make interpretations
• insight is best defined as understanding translated into action
• adlerians believe childhood experiences in themselves are the decisive factor in shaping personality

Adlerian Process

4 phases

1. Establish relationship
2. Explore psychological dynamics in client(assessment)
3. Encourage development of self understanding(insight into purpose)
4. Help client make new choices(reorientation/re-education)

term used to describe an internally held idealistic belief about the future.

"if only" belief

KEY FIGURES AND MAJOR FOCUS:strive to define the nature of human existence,are Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche,Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Buber, Ludwig Binswanger, Medard Boss.

4 POMINENT DEVELOPERS:Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, Irvin Yalom,James Bugental all developed their approach from existential & humanistic psychology.

1982: Emmy van Deurzen,established first training program in London,founded New School of Psychotherapy and Counselling which focuses on training existential counselors.

Existential Approach:examines central concerns of person's existence:death,freedom,existential isolation,& meaninglessness.

PHILOSOPHY & BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:reacts against the tendency to view therapy as a system of well defined techniques.looks @ unique characteristics that makes us human & building therapy on them.

Emphasizes:choice,freedom,responsibility,self determination. Existential anxiety is healthy,can be a motivation to change,anxiety comes from our awareness of freedom & responsibility.

KEY CONCEPTS:1)we have the capacity for self awareness

2)because we are basically free beings,except responsibilities that come w/it

3)want to keep our uniqueness& identity;we know ourselves via interaction w/others

4)significance of our existence & meaning of life are never fully fixed;instead we re-create ourselves via projects.

5)Anxiety is part of the human condition

6)death is a human condition,awareness of it gives meaning to life.Clients are confronted w/concerns rather than coping w/immediate problems.they are to put into action what they learn fr:therapy

THERAPEUTIC GOALS:help clients see how they aren't living authentic lives & to make choices that will get them there.Some therapeutic goal:1)recognize whats blocking freedoms 2)challenge client 2 see that their doing something they that thought was happening to them in the past 3)widen clients perspectives on choice 4)accept freedom & responsibility w/it.

THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP:strive to create caring relationship w/client.therapy is when both are involved in a journey of self discovery.

TECHNIQUES & PROCEDURES:approach is mainly 2 understand clients experience,not on using techniques.therapist are free to use more than one procedure so long as it benefits client.techniques are tools to help client be aware of their choices/potential for action.Existential framework-what it means to be human

APPLICATIONS:Existential approach is good for one seeking personal growth.Brief therapy:encouragment to examine issues of personal responsibility,expanding awareness of current situation,commit 2 deciding/acting.Existential group counseling:open attitude,willing to try new things,learn how others see you & your ways affect others.may see ways they have lost their direction & find new authentic ways of being.  

death

freedom & responsibility

existential isolation

meaninglessness

• Sigmund Freud
• therapists generally spend time listening to patients talk about their lives, which is why this method is often referred to as "talk therapy."
• Psychoanalysts believe that childhood events and unconscious feelings, thoughts and motivations play a role in mental illness and faulty behaviors