Term
| the most abundant monsaccharide in nature |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| this class of carbohydrate is a component of glycoconjugates |
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Definition
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Term
| cellulose and glycogen is an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| this form of glucose is the main metabolic fuel for tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| this sugar is of clinical importance to diabetes mellitus as a result of hyperglycemia |
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Definition
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Term
| this molecule is readily metabolized either via glucose or directly |
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Definition
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Term
| this sugar is synthesized in the mammary gland for synthesis of lactose in milk |
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Definition
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Term
| this sugar is a constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins |
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Definition
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Term
| what bond is the result of the formation of dissaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| lactose is what type of carbohydrate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the composition of a glycoconjugate? |
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Definition
| carbohydrates and other molecules such as protein or lipid |
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Term
| what is a distinguishing feature between glycoproteins v. proteoglycans |
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Definition
| proteoglycans is linear carbohydrate chains which are higher in carbohydrate content |
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Term
| what is the structure of a proteoglycan? |
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Definition
| protein w/covalently attached glycosaminoglycans |
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Term
| what is the charge of glycosaminoglycan? |
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Definition
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Term
| where do glycosaminoglycans attach to the protein? |
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Definition
| Serine via trisaccharide bridge |
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Term
| what is the proteoglycan's function? |
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Definition
| tissue and extracellular matrix organizers, lubricants at joints, and mediation of growth factors. |
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Term
| what is the structure of hyaluronic acid? |
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Definition
| glucuronic and N-acetylglucosamine |
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Term
| what is the structure of heparin |
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Definition
| iduronic acid (primarily) or glucuronic acid and sulfated N-acetyl glucosamine |
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Term
| what is the composition of chondroitin sulfate? |
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Definition
| composed of glucuronic acid and sulfated N-acetylglucosamine |
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Term
| what are some benefits of aggrecan structures? |
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Definition
| makes good lubricant and it's hydrophillic |
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Term
| what is dwarfism caused by? |
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Definition
| improper sulfation during the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans. |
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Term
| how does normal sulfation of glycosaminoglycans occur? |
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Definition
| transport of inorganic sulfates across the PM and its conversion to PAPS by PAPS synthetase |
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Term
| what is the genetic deficiency of dwarfism |
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Definition
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Term
| what is mucopolysaccharidoses characterized by? |
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Definition
| accumulation and excretion (urine) of oligosaccharides from glycosaminoglycans. |
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Term
| what are the effects of mucopolysaccharidoses? |
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Definition
| skeletal abnormalities and mental retardation |
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Term
| what is the genetic deficiency in mucopolysaccharidoses? |
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Definition
| combination of hydrolases that breakdown heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and keratan sulfate |
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Term
| hunter's disease is characterized by what? |
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Definition
| enzyme deficiency in iduronate sulfatase that results in the accumulation of Heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate |
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Term
| Hurler-Schele is characterized by |
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Definition
| an enzyme deficiency in iduronidase which causes acummulation of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate |
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Term
| Sanfilippo causes an accumulation in |
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Definition
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Term
| Type A Morquio is characterized by |
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Definition
| galactose-6-sulfatase deficiency which causes accumulation of keratan/chondroitn sulfate |
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Term
| type B morquio is caused by |
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Definition
| beta galactosidase enzyme deficiency which increases keratan sulfate |
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Term
| n-linked glycoproteins are bound to what |
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Definition
| amide nitrogen of asparagine side chains |
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Term
| where are n-linked glycans preassembled? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does glycan processing occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| a deficiency in N-linked glycan synthesis can result in what |
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Definition
| Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes. |
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Term
| O linked glycoproteins are bound to what |
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Definition
| hydroxy oxygen of Serine and threonine |
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Term
| What is the structure of Glycophorin A |
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Definition
| contains both N and O linked oligosaccharides |
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Term
| what are the non specific functions of oligos in glycoproteins? |
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Definition
protein folding, assembly, and secretion
conformational effects
protective effects |
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Term
| what are some specific functions in of oligos in glycoproteins |
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Definition
cell cell adhesion
cell-ecm adhesion |
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Term
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Definition
| non-enzymatic condensastion of the aldehyde and ketone groups in sugars w/AA in proteins to produce advanced glycation end products. |
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Term
| measurement of hemoglobin is the basis of a blood test for |
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Definition
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