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Intro to Clinical Skills I
Vocabulary and Abbreviations for Final Exam 12/8/10
544
Medical
Professional
12/07/2010

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Term
Abductor
Definition
That which draws something in the direction away from the midline. The opposite of adductor.
Term
Ablation
Definition
The removal of a part of the body, growth, or noxious substance.
Term
Abscess
Definition
A circumscribed collection of pus, a "pus pocket"
Term
Achalasia
Definition
Failure to relax, referring especially to visceral openings, i.e. esophagus.
Term
Acromegaly
Definition
A disorder marked by a progressive enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet and thorax due to the excessive secretion of growth hormone.
Term
Acute
Definition
Rapid onset, having a short course
Term
Adductor
Definition
That which draws something toward the midline. Opposite of abductor.
Term
Adenoma
Definition
An ordinarily benign neoplasm or growth of epithelial tissue, usually well circumscribed. The tumor cells form at glands or gland-like structures.
Term
Adipose
Definition
Fatty, relating to fat.
Term
Afterload
Definition
the resistance to flow encountered in the systemic circulation
Term
Ageneses
Definition
absence; failure of formation of any part.
Term
Agranulocytosis
Definition
condition characterized by pronounced reduction in the number of white blood cells specifically polymorphonuclear leukocytes, i.e., segs and bands
Term
Akinesia
Definition
absence or loss of the power of voluntary motion; immobility.
Term
Akinesthesia
Definition
absence of the sense of the perception of movement.
Term
Alexia
Definition
loss of the power to grasp the meaning of written or printed words and sentences
Term
Alkalosis
Definition
abnormally high alkali (bicarbonate) in the blood or other body fluids causing an increase pH.
Term
Alopecia
Definition
baldness or loss of hair.
Term
Amaurosis
Definition
blindness, especially that occurring without apparent change in the eye itself
Term
Amenorrhea
Definition
absence of menses, "no period."
Term
Amniocentesis
Definition
transabdominal aspiration of fluid from the amniotic sack during pregnancy.
Term
Analgesia
Definition
relief of pain.
Term
Anaphylaxis
Definition
a significant allergic reaction following exposure to antigen in a subject previously sensitized to that specific antigen. This generally occurs very rapidly after exposure and often is accompanied by swelling, breathing difficulties, hypotension
Term
Anemia
Definition
a condition in which the number of red blood cells are less than normal. Often measured with a low hemoglobin or hematocrit (the low blood).
Term
Anencephaly
Definition
marked defective development of the brain and bony structure usually with only rudimentary brain stem present. Generally not compatible with life.
Term
Angina Pectoris
Definition
literally, strangulation of the chest; a paroxysmal, constricting substernal pain of brief duration, which frequently accompanies myocardial ischemia.
Term
Angle Closure
Definition
narrowing of the angle formed inside the lateral aspects of the anterior chamber of the eye where the aqueous humor drains.
Term
Anorexia
Definition
loss of appetite
Term
Anoxia
Definition
absence of oxygen in the blood or tissues.
Term
Antenatal
Definition
period in pregnancy from the time of conception until the onset of labor (prenatal).
Term
Anticipatory Guidance
Definition
patient/family counseling which includes information, advice, and suggestions about expected health-related life occurrences, health maintenance, and preventive plans.
Term
Antigen
Definition
a foreign protein that can cause an allergic reaction in a sensitized host
Term
Anuresis
Definition
absence of the act of urination
Term
Aphasia
Definition
impaired or absence communication by speech, writing, or signs due to brain disfunction in the dominate hemisphere
Term
Apnea
Definition
absence of breathing
Term
Ascites
Definition
accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Term
Ataxia
Definition
loss of the power of motor coordination
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
compressed lung tissue with collapsed alveolar air spaces
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
compressed lung tissue with collapsed alveolar air spaces
Term
benign
Definition
mild or noncancerous
Term
Biparietal Diameter
Definition
used in fetal ultrasounds. Referse to the greatest transverse diameter of the head which extends from one parietal boss to the other
Term
Blepharitis
Definition
inflammation of the eyelids
Term
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Definition
weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
a slow heartbeat generally defined as a rate under 60 beats/minute
Term
Breathlessness
Definition
appropriate shortness of breath, e.g. following heavy exercise
Term
Bronchiectasis
Definition
an abnormal dilation of the bronchus or the bronchial tubes
Term
Bruit
Definition
sound produced by disturbance in laminar blood flow through an artery
Term
Bursa
Definition
a closed sack lined with a synovial type membrane containing fluid usually found in areas of friction, i.e. where a tendon passes over a bone
Term
Cachexia
Definition
generally lack of nutrition and wasting
Term
Calculus
Definition
a stone-like concretion usually composed of salts of inorganic and organic acids or other materials such as cholesteroal
Term
Carcinoma
Definition
malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue
Term
Caries
Definition
destruction or necrosis of teeth
Term
Caseation
Definition
necrosis in which the necrotic tissues resemble cheese. Contains a mixture of protein and fat. Occurs particularly in reference to tuberculosis.
Term
Causalgia
Definition
persistent severe burning sensation of the skin; usually involves injury to the sensory fibers of the peripheral nerve
Term
Chalazion
Definition
chronic inflammatory granuloma in the tarsus of the eyelid due to the inflammation of the meibomian gland
Term
Chorea
Definition
a disorder characterized by irregular spasmodic involuntary movement of limbs and facial muscles
Term
Chronic
Definition
a condition that develops slowly and persists over time
Term
Cirrhosis
Definition
progressive disease of the liver with fibrosis and damage to the prankmul cells
Term
Climacteric
Definition
perimenopausal time of a woman's life. "the change."
Term
Clonus
Definition
a form of movement marked by contractions and relaxations of the muscle in rapid succession.
Term
Coffee Ground Emesis
Definition
vomitus of coffee ground appearing particles that represents an upper gastrointestinal bleed that has occurred slowly enough for gastric acid to denature the blood
Term
Colic
Definition
spasmodic pains in the abdomen. Generally described as spasms and is usually secondary to some degree of obstruction of a hollow organ
Term
Colitis
Definition
inflammation of the large bowel
Term
Concussion
Definition
any alteration in mental status induced by trauma
Term
Confabulation
Definition
the making-up of tales in a fluid fashion with no regard to facts or the question put forward. Generally seen in alcoholic CNS disease.
Term
Contusion
Definition
bleeding and damage in the soft tissues, resulting from a direct blow injury
Term
Crepitation
Definition
crackling sound or sensation as would be produced by the rubbing together of irregular surfaces.
Term
Cul-de-sac
Definition
a blind pouch or tubular cavity closed at one end
Term
Curettage
Definition
a scraping of the interior lining of a cavity, i.e. "D&C"
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
a dark blue or purplish discoloration of the skin or mucus membrane secondary to deficiency of oxygenation to the blood
Term
Cystitis
Definition
inflammation of a bladder, i.e. "bladder infection"
Term
Degeneration
Definition
gradual deterioration of normal cells and body functions
Term
Dehiscence
Definition
a bursting open, splitting, or gaping
Term
Delirium
Definition
extreme promental excitement with confused and unconnected ideas often with illusions or hallucinations
Term
Delusion
Definition
a false belief or wrong judgment
Term
Dementia
Definition
a general mental deterioration due to organic or psychological factors, i.e. Alzheimer's Disease
Term
Depression
Definition
mood disorder characterized by sadness and inability to experience pleasure
Term
Dermatitis
Definition
inflammation of the sking
Term
Desensitization
Definition
reduction of allergic sensitivity to a specific antigen, i.e. allergy shots
Term
Diagnosis
Definition
determination of the presence of a disease based on an evaluation of symptoms, signs, and test findings
Term
Diastolic Dysfunction
Definition
stiffening or poor relaxation of the left ventricle which causes inefficient fillings
Term
Dilation
Definition
the enlargement of the transverse diameter of the cervical opening. In the non-pregnancy patient, it is less than 5mm; at complete dilation in labor, it is is 10 cm.
Term
Dissection
Definition
in reference to the aorta, dissection occurs when the intimal layer of the vessel splits from the deeper muscle layers and blood flows into the tears apart the layers
Term
Distal
Definition
situated away from the center of the body or from the point of origin
Term
Distention
Definition
swelling or stretching
Term
Diverticula
Definition
small pouches usually found extending from the wall of the colon
Term
Dorsum
Definition
the posterior or back part
Term
Dysdiadochokinesia
Definition
alternately moving a limb in the opposite direction, i.e. rapidly alternating movements
Term
Dysentery
Definition
a disease marked by frequent watery stools often with blood and mucus and characterized by pain, tenesmus, fever, and dehydration
Term
Dyskinesia
Definition
difficulty in performing voluntary movements
Term
Dysostosis
Definition
defective bone formation
Term
Dyspareunia
Definition
pain in the sexual act
Term
Dyspepsia
Definition
indigestion or upset stomach
Term
Dysphagia
Definition
difficulty in swallowing
Term
Dysphonia
Definition
hoarseness or difficulty or pain in speaking
Term
Dysphoria
Definition
feeling of unpleasantness or discomfort
Term
Dysplasia
Definition
abnormal tissue development, i.e. cervical dysplasia on pap test
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
shortness of breath, "short-winded"
Term
Dystocia
Definition
difficult childbirth
Term
Dysuria
Definition
painful urination
Term
Eburneous
Definition
who cares?
Term
Ecchymosis
Definition
purplish patch caused by extravasation of blood into the skin, i.e. a bruise
Term
Echocardiogram
Definition
use of ultrasound to view the heart and valvular structures
Term
Eclampsia
Definition
the occurrence of seizures superimposed upon the preeclampsia syndrome
Term
Ectasia
Definition
dilation of a tubular structure
Term
Ectopic
Definition
aberrant or out of place, i.e. an organ which is not in its proper place
Term
Edema
Definition
accumulation of an excessive amount of fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities, "swelling"
Term
Effacement
Definition
refers to the softening and thinning of the cervix in preparation for dilation
Term
Ejection Fraction
Definition
the amount of blood expelled from the ventricular cavity when the heart contracts in systole
Term
Embolism
Definition
obstruction or occlusion of a vessel by a transported clot of vegetation or other foreign material, i.e. pulmonary embolism
Term
Embryo
Definition
the developing organism from conception until approximately the end of the second month. Generally referred to as fetal after this stage of development
Term
Emollient
Definition
Soothing to skin or mucus membrane. An agent that softens the skin.
Term
Empiric
Definition
founded on practical experience, but not proven scientifically
Term
Empyema
Definition
pus in a body cavity, generally referring to pus in the pleural cavity
Term
Encephalitis
Definition
inflammation of the brain
Term
Encephalopathy
Definition
any disease of the brain
Term
End-organ (target organ)
Definition
the organ on which a substance or process exerts its influence or action
Term
Endarteritis
Definition
an inflammation of the inner coat of the artery
Term
Endocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the endocardium or the lining membrane of the heart and heart valves
Term
Endocrine
Definition
secreting internally, most common in systemic circulation
Term
Endometriosis
Definition
a condition involving ectopic location of endometrial or uterine lining tissue outside the uterine cavity
Term
Endophthalmitis
Definition
inflammtion of the internal structures in the eyeball
Term
Engagement
Definition
the descent of the biparietal diameter of the fetal head into the pelvic inlet
Term
Enteritis
Definition
inflammation of the intestine
Term
Epidermis
Definition
the outer epithelial portion of the skin
Term
Epigastrium
Definition
referring to the upper central abdominal region, i.e. upper gastric pain
Term
Epistaxis
Definition
nosebleed
Term
Erythema
Definition
redness or inflammation of the skin
Term
Eschar
Definition
thick, coagulated crust which develops after a burn to the skin
Term
Esotopia
Definition
"cross-eyed"
Term
Estimated Date of Confinement (DOC)
Definition
that point in time when labor might by reasonably expected
Term
Estradiol
Definition
the most potent naturally occurring estrogen in mammals
Term
Etiology
Definition
cause of a disease
Term
Euphoria
Definition
a feeling of well-being commonly exaggerated and not necessarily well-founded
Term
Eventration
Definition
protrusion of intestine through an opening in the abdominal wall
Term
Exanthem
Definition
a skin eruption occurring as a symptom of an acute viral or coccal disease
Term
Exocrine
Definition
glandular secretion that is delivered to the surface as opposed to endocrine
Term
Extrasystole
Definition
an ectopic or premature heartbeat
Term
Extravasate
Definition
to exude or pass out of a vessel into the tissues such as blood, urine, or x-ray dye
Term
Exudate
Definition
a thick fluid with a high protein and leukocyte count
Term
Fascia
Definition
a sheet of fibrous tissue which envelops the body beneath the skin
Term
Fascitis
Definition
inflammation of the fascia, i.e. plantar fascitis
Term
Febrile
Definition
relates to a fever (elevated temperature)
Term
Fenestration
Definition
presence of openings, i.e. a fenestrated drape
Term
Fetal Heart Tones
Definition
the sound generated by the beating of the fetal heart which may be auscultated over the fundus
Term
Fetus
Definition
products of conception from the end of the eighth week to the moment of birth
Term
Fibroma
Definition
a benign neoplasm derived from fibrous connective tissue
Term
Fibrosarcoma
Definition
a malignant neoplasm derived from fibrous connective tissue characterized by immature prolifium fibroblast
Term
Fibrosis
Definition
scarring
Term
Fissure
Definition
a deep furrow, cleft, or slit
Term
Fistula
Definition
a pathological sinus or abnormal passage leading from an abscess cavity or hollow organ to the surface or from one abscess cavity or organ to another, i.e., rectal/vaginal fistula - an opening from the rectum to the vagina.
Term
Flatulence
Definition
a presence of an excessive amount of gas in the intestines or stomach
Term
Folliculitis
Definition
inflammation reaction in the hair follicles; generally with small pustules associated with each individual hair shaft
Term
Friable
Definition
tissue that is not strong and bleeds easily upon manual irritation
Term
Fundus
Definition
the portion of the uterus above the cervix which expands during pregnancy and contains the growing fetus
Term
Galactorrhea
Definition
continued discharge of milk from the breast in intervals of nursing or after the child has been weaned; not involving stimulation of the nipples
Term
Gastritis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach
Term
Gastroenteritis
Definition
inflammation of the mucus membrane of both stomach and intestine; generally caused by a viral illness
Term
Genome
Definition
complete set of chromosomes derived from one parent
Term
Geriatrics
Definition
science of old age
Term
Gestation
Definition
related to pregnancy, i.e. 24 weeks gestational age
Term
Gingivitis
Definition
inflammation of the gums of the mouth
Term
Glaucoma
Definition
a disease of the eye characterized by increased pressure within the eyeball
Term
Glomerulonephritis
Definition
renal disease characterized by bilateral inflammatory changes of the glomeruli or filtering apparatus of the kidneys. Not the result of infection of the kidneys.
Term
Glossitis
Definition
inflammation of the tongue
Term
Gravida
Definition
the number of times a woman has been pregnant
Term
Habitus
Definition
the physical characteristics of a person
Term
Hallux
Definition
the great toe
Term
Hemangioma
Definition
a proliferation of vascular endothelium that leads to a mass that resembles neoplastic tissue. A benign collection of vascular tissue.
Term
Hematemesis
Definition
might expect to see bright red blood when a nasogastric tube is inserted and suction applied
Term
Hematochezia
Definition
maroon or bright red stool related to a lower gastrointestinal bleed below the splenic flexure of the colon
Term
Hematoma
Definition
a localized mass of extravasated blood
Term
Hematuria
Definition
any condition in which urin contains blood or red blood cells
Term
Hemianopsia
Definition
loss of vision for one-half of the visual field in one or both eyes
Term
Hemoptysis
Definition
the spitting of blood derived from lungs or bronchial tubes
Term
Hemostasis
Definition
the arrest of bleeding
Term
Hepatitis
Definition
inflammation of the liver
Term
Hepatojugular reflux
Definition
sustained distention of jugular veins seen when, on physical examination, you press just under the liver for 20-30 seconds
Term
Hernia
Definition
protrusion of an organ or structure through the wall of a cavity that would normally contain it
Term
Hirsutism
Definition
presence of excessive body or facial hair, especially in women
Term
Hydrocephalus
Definition
condition marked by excessive accumulation of fluid dilating the cerebral ventricles
Term
Hyperemesis
Definition
excessive vomiting
Term
Hyperemia
Definition
presence of an increased amount of blood in a part; similar to erythema
Term
Hypertrophy
Definition
overgrowth; general increase in bulk
Term
Ibuprofen
Definition
chemical name of an anti-inflammatory which is sold by several companies and goes under the brand names Motrin, Advil, Nuprin
Term
Ictal
Definition
as in post-ictal state. Refers to the condition of a patient after a seizure
Term
Icterus
Definition
jaundice
Term
Ileus
Definition
an obstruction of the intestines, can be due to lack of bowel motility or obstruction mechanically by a tumor or hard substance
Term
Immune
Definition
resistant to an infectious disease
Term
Impetigo
Definition
streptococcal infection of the skin characterized by fragile vesicles or pustules that become confluent and rupture forming erosions with bright yellow crusts, a common condition in children
Term
Incontinence
Definition
the inability to control bodily functions including defecation, urination, also used to refer to emotional incontinence such as uncontrollable persistent crying.
Term
Induration
Definition
process of becoming extremely firm or hard
Term
Infarct
Definition
an area of necrosis resulting from arrest or insufficiency of blood supply
Term
Inflammation
Definition
reaction of body tissues to injury as manifested by swelling, warmth, and/or pain
Term
Influenza
Definition
acute viral infection of the respiratory tract sometimes occurring in epidemics. In severe cases there may be secondary bacterial infection causing bronchitis or pneumonia. Note that hemophilus influenza is a bacterium. The flu shot is developed to combat whatever strains of influenza virus seem to present in the community at a given time.
Term
Intoxication
Definition
conditions caused by intake of an excess of a drug or a poisonous substance
Term
Intrapartum
Definition
the period of time from the onset of labor until delivery
Term
Intussusception
Definition
infolding of one segment of intestine within another like a telescope
Term
Ischemia
Definition
local anemia due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply
Term
Jaundice
Definition
yellow skin caused by deposition of bile pigment in the skin and mucus membranes, associated hyperbilirubinemia. Occurs most commonly in newborns or adults with liver disease.
Term
Jugular Venous Distention
Definition
engorged appearance of jugular veins seen when pressure on the right side of the heart is elevated.
Term
Karyotype
Definition
the chromosome characteristics of an individual or of a cell line
Term
Keloid
Definition
hyperplastic scar tissue
Term
Keratin
Definition
the protein which is the principal component of epidermis, hair, nails, horny tissues, and the enamel of the teeth.
Term
Keratitis
Definition
inflammation of the cornea of the eye
Term
Ketonemia and ketonuria
Definition
the presence of ketone bodies in the blood and the urine as in diabetes mellitus or starvation
Term
Kwashiorkor
Definition
severe malnutrition due to dietary deficiency of protein not necessarily associate with calorie deficiency (e.g., in the tropics sugar cane may provide adequate calories but not protein).
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
means hump-backed in Greek and refers to the abnormally increased of the thoracic spine which can occur with aging and with several types of disease, as in kyphotic spine.
Term
Labia
Definition
pertaining to lip, used for the mouth or the labia major/minora in the female external genitalia
Term
Labile
Definition
unpredictably changeable
Term
Labarynthitis
Definition
inflammation of the labyrinth, otitis interna, a condition which often results in problems with balance and vertigo.
Term
Lacrimal
Definition
pertaining to tears
Term
Lanugo
Definition
very fine, soft embryonic hair
Term
Lapascopy
Definition
examination of the interior of the abdomen using a laparoscope which is an endoscope which can be inserted through a small incision in the skin and interior abdominal wall.
Term
Last Menstrual Period (LMP)
Definition
date of onset of the last menses
Term
Lethargy
Definition
decreased alertness and excessive drowsiness
Term
Leukocyte
Definition
any one of the white blood cells
Term
Leukopenia
Definition
a decrease in the normal number of circulating white blood cells
Term
Leukoplakia
Definition
white thickened patches of mucous membrane of the cheeks, gums, or tongue which cannot be rubbed off and sometimes show a tendency to fissure. This is common in smokers and can become malignant
Term
Ligament
Definition
a band or sheet of fibrous tissue generally connecting two or more bones
Term
Lochia
Definition
discharge from the vagina of mucus, blood, and tissue debris following childbirth
Term
Maceration
Definition
softening of tissue by soaking, used to refer to breakdown of skin due to excessive moisture, for example with diaper rash on a baby or fungal infection of the skin between folds of the stomach or under the breasts in adults.
Term
Mastitis
Definition
inflammation of the breast usually occurs during breast feeding and is detected by redness, heat, and tenderness or pain, this is a type of cellulitis or localized soft tissue infection which requires antibiotics for recovery.
Term
Meatus
Definition
external opening of a canal
Term
Meconium
Definition
the dark-green stool of the newborn which usually clears within the first few days of life to be replaced by a yellow or pale green seedy type of stool. The release of meconium in utero is sign of stress in the fetus and depending on the time of the release either the amniotic fluid will be green or have chunks of meconium in it and the skin of the newborn may be stained somewhat green.
Term
Megacolon
Definition
an abnormally large or dilated colon which can be congenital, acquired, acute, or chronic. The most common cause is due to chronic constipation but a congenital absence of ganglion cells in the distal bowel which causes loss of motor function needs to be ruled-out. This condition is also referred to as "Hirschsprung's Disease"
Term
Medial
Definition
relating to the middle or center
Term
Melena
Definition
dark or tarry stool related to a lower gastrointestinal bleed above the splenic flexure of the colon
Term
Meningitis
Definition
inflammation or infection of the meninges
Term
Menorrhagia
Definition
excessively profuse or prolonged menstruation
Term
Myositis
Definition
inflammation of a muscle
Term
Myringotomy
Definition
surgical incision in the tympanic membrane of the ear. This is done to insert an ear tube or to culture the ear for pus
Term
Myxoma
Definition
a tumor composed of primitive connective tissue cells and stroma resembling mesenchyme. It is most commonly found in the atrium and the region of the fossa ovalis at the interatrial septum and can be a cause of obstruction
Term
Nasogastric tube
Definition
a tube inserted through the nose, down the throat and esophagus, and into the stomach. It can be put on low intermittent suction or continuous suction. It is used to check the contents of the stomach for blood or coffee grounds and to decompress the stomach of the gastric fluids that are secreted in the event of an ileus or other intestinal obstruction. An ileus is paralysis of the intestine.
Term
Nausea
Definition
an unpleasant sensation of impending vomiting, frequently localized to the epigastrium
Term
Necrosis
Definition
tissue death- can occur in response to a toxin or in response to lack of blood supply or infection
Term
Neonatal
Definition
referring to the newborn
Term
Neoplasm
Definition
a word for tumor
Term
Nephrolithiasis
Definition
kidney stones
Term
Neuralgia
Definition
pain coming from the nerves. For example, postherpetic neuralgia. This is a pain syndrome that occurs after herpes virus infections such as shingles.
Term
Nystagmus
Definition
irregular jerking movement of the eyes
Term
O.D.
Definition
oculus dexter- abbreviation for the right eye
Term
O.S.
Definition
oculus sinister- abbreviation for the left eye
Term
Obesity
Definition
a condition in which the weight is greater than 20% above ideal body weight; alternatively identified as a BMI > 27 kg/m2.
Term
Obstipation
Definition
persistent failure to pass any stool
Term
Odynophagia
Definition
painful swallowing
Term
Oliguria
Definition
urinary output less than 400ml per 24 hours
Term
Orchitis
Definition
inflammation or infection of the testes
Term
Organic Brain Syndrome
Definition
disturbance of attention, memory, intellect, and orientation; may have delusions or hallucinations
Term
Orthopnea
Definition
inability to breath comfortably when supine
Term
Orthostatic Hypotension
Definition
a drop in blood pressure when changing position, for example, from lying down to sitting-up or from sitting-up to standing-up. This may be caused by loss of blood volume or by pooling of the blood in the lower extremities.
Term
Osteoarthritis
Definition
the arthritis due to wear and tear of aging, also known as degenerative joint disease
Term
osteomyelitis
Definition
infection in the bone
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
porous or thin bones
Term
otalgia
Definition
pain in the ear
Term
otitis
Definition
infection in the ear
Term
otolaryngology
Definition
study of the ear, nose, and throat
Term
otorrhea
Definition
discharge from the tear
Term
oxytocin
Definition
the natural hormone made by women which causes contractions of the uterus. Release of this hormone can be caused by nipple stimulation late in pregnancy.
Term
palpitation
Definition
awareness of the heart beat
Term
pancreatitis
Definition
inflammation of the pancreas
Term
papilledema
Definition
swelling of the optic nerve head
Term
paresis (hemi-para-quadri-)
Definition
weakness or partial paralysis
Term
paresthesia
Definition
sensation of burning, crawling, or tingling
Term
parity
Definition
completion of pregnancy beyond what would be considered an abortion (usually 20 weeks). Refers to number of pregnancies not the number of fetuses. Often listed as a sequence of four numbers, i.e., 2012. These numbers refer to (left to right) the number of term pregnancies, the number of premature pregnancies delivered, the number of spontaneous and induced abortions, and finally the number of living children.
Term
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Definition
waking up from sleep with sudden shortness of breath
Term
pedal edema
Definition
swelling of feet
Term
peritoneum
Definition
space between the bowels and the abdominal wall
Term
petechia
Definition
pinpoint-size hemorrhages
Term
photophobia
Definition
sensitivity to light that is usually associated with corneal disease
Term
plegia
Definition
complete paralysis. Hemiplegia, paralysis of one side of the body and the limbs on that side; paraplegia, paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body, usually caused by disease or injury of the spinal cord; quadriplegia, paralysis of the body and joints.
Term
pleurisy
Definition
any pleural inflammation; loosely, the pain associated with disease of the pleura
Term
pneumonia
Definition
clinical term that most commonly refers to pulmonary inflammation due to infection
Term
pneumonitis
Definition
any pulmonary inflammation
Term
polymenorrhea (metorrhagia)
Definition
abnormally increased frequency of menstrual flow
Term
postpartum
Definition
the period of time beginning with delivery and ending six weeks thereafter
Term
preeclampsia
Definition
a syndrome peculiar to pregnancy which is defined by elevated blood pressure, excessive fluid retention, and proteinuria
Term
preload
Definition
filling pressure of the heart
Term
preprandial and postprandial
Definition
before and after a meal
Term
presbyopia
Definition
diminution of the power of accomodation of the eye due to the aging process
Term
presystolic
Definition
immediately preceding the first sound; occurring in the latter one-third of diastole
Term
primigravida
Definition
woman pregnant for the first time
Term
primiparia
Definition
woman who has borne one viable infant
Term
proprioception
Definition
perception of movements and position of the body and joints
Term
proptosis
Definition
forward displacement
Term
pruritis
Definition
itching
Term
pseudodementia
Definition
a condition with clinical symptoms of dementia but not due to organic disease and without the permanent cognitive sequelae
Term
ptosis
Definition
drooping of the upper eyelid
Term
pulse pressure
Definition
the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Term
purpura
Definition
purplish discolorations caused by bleeding into the skin and visible mucous membranes, that is, "black and blue spots."
Term
pyuria
Definition
presence of leukocytes in the urine
Term
quickening
Definition
the initial perception of fetal movement by the mother usually occurring at 16 to 18 weeks of pregnancy
Term
rales
Definition
abnormal sounds that originates from the trachea, bronchi, or lungs; crepitation, crepitant rale, a rale of crackling quality, usually applied to moist rales; consonating rale, a loud, clear, ringing rale that sounds close to the ear, often associated with pulmonary consolidation.
Term
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Definition
paroxysmal pallor or cyanosis of a distal extremity, induced by chilling or emotion
Term
rebound
Definition
abbreviated term for rebound tenderness; abdominal discomfort on sudden withdrawal of the palpating hand.
Term
rectocele
Definition
hernial protrusion of part of the rectum into the vagina
Term
renal
Definition
pertaining to the kidneys
Term
Rhinorrhea
Definition
nasal discharge
Term
Scaphoid
Definition
a thin, concave-shaped abdomen. Literally "shiplike," derived from the Greek
Term
schizophrenia
Definition
a psychiatric disease characterized by disordered thinking, hallucinations and delusions
Term
sciatica
Definition
pain in the lower back and along the sciatic nerve distribution
Term
scoliosis
Definition
a side-to-side curvature in the spine
Term
scotoma
Definition
blind or partially blind area in the visual field
Term
sepsis
Definition
a syndrome associated with bloodstream infection
Term
shock
Definition
acute circulatory collapse, with pallor, hypotension, and coldness of the skin (also, a palpable heart sound).
Term
sign
Definition
objective evidence of disease as found on physical exam
Term
space-occupying lesion
Definition
abnormal structure which causes symptoms and signs because they impinge upon normal brain tissues
Term
splenomegaly
Definition
enlargement of the spleen
Term
sputum
Definition
expectorated or mucopurulent secretion from the air passages
Term
steatorrhea
Definition
excessive fat in the stool
Term
stomatitis
Definition
inflammation of the mouth
Term
stress incontinence
Definition
involuntary loss of urine during period of increased intravesical pressure, such as can be produced by coughing, straining, or lifting.
Term
stridor
Definition
noisy respiration
Term
symptom
Definition
an alteration in health status which the patient perceives and expresses; elicited during the history
Term
syncope
Definition
temporary unconsciousness due to cerebral ischemia
Term
systole
Definition
contraction; period of contraction during which the atria or ventricles eject blood; ventricular systole includes the first and second sounds and the period between them; when the term systole or diastole is used alone, it is assumed to refer to the ventricles.
Term
tendinitis
Definition
inflammation of a tendon
Term
tenesmus
Definition
the sensation of the need to evacuate the bowels, but without result
Term
thrill
Definition
palpable vibrations (murmur)
Term
thrombocytopenia
Definition
reduction below normal in the number of circulating platelets
Term
thrombocytosis
Definition
increase above normal in the number of circulating platelets
Term
thrush
Definition
Candida (yeast) infection in the oral cavity, characterized by white plaques or patches on the tongue or mucosa
Term
tympanitic
Definition
distention of the abdomen due to presence of gas or air in the intestine or peritoneal cavity
Term
urethritis
Definition
inflammatory process involving the urethra
Term
uveitis
Definition
inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye
Term
vascular
Definition
involving blood vessels
Term
vasculitis
Definition
inflammation of the arteries
Term
virilism
Definition
a state of masculinization in the female
Term
xerosis
Definition
dryness of the skin
Term
xerostemia
Definition
dryness of the mouth
Term
AB
Definition
abortion
Term
abd
Definition
abdomen
Term
ABN
Definition
abnormal
Term
A&P
Definition
auscultation and percussion
Term
a.c.
Definition
before meals
Term
AC>BC
Definition
air conduction greater than bone conduction
Term
Ad.Lib.
Definition
at pleasure, as needed, as desires
Term
ADL
Definition
activities of daily living
Term
AI
Definition
aortic insufficiency
Term
alb
Definition
albumin
Term
alk
Definition
alkaline
Term
AMA
Definition
against medical advice
Term
amp
Definition
ampule
Term
amt
Definition
amount
Term
anes
Definition
anesthesia
Term
ant
Definition
anterior
Term
Approx
Definition
approximate
Term
ARDS
Definition
adult respiratory distress syndrome
Term
AS
Definition
aortic stenosis
Term
AROM
Definition
active range of motion
Term
ASA
Definition
aspirin
Term
ASCVD
Definition
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Term
BE
Definition
barium enema
Term
b.i.d.
Definition
twice a day
Term
BM
Definition
bowel movement
Term
BMR
Definition
basal metabolic rate
Term
BP
Definition
blood pressure
Term
BPH
Definition
benign prostate hypertrophy
Term
BRB
Definition
bright red bleeding
Term
BRBPR
Definition
bright red blood per rectum
Term
BRP
Definition
bathroom privileges
Term
BS
Definition
blood sugar, breath sounds, bowel sounds
Term
BUN
Definition
blood urea nitrogen
Term
Bx
Definition
biopsy
Term
Beta HCG
Definition
pregnancy tests
Term
c
Definition
with
Term
C&S
Definition
culture and sensitivity
Term
CA
Definition
cancer/carcinoma
Term
CABG
Definition
coronary artery bypass graft
Term
Caps
Definition
capsules
Term
CBC
Definition
complete blood count
Term
CC
Definition
chief complaint
Term
C
Definition
centigrade
Term
CCU
Definition
coronary care unit
Term
CHD
Definition
congenital heart disease/coronary heart disease
Term
CHI
Definition
closed head injury
Term
CNS
Definition
central nervous system
Term
c/o
Definition
complains of
Term
cl. Liq
Definition
clear liquids
Term
COPD
Definition
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Term
Cor
Definition
heart
Term
CPR
Definition
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Term
CV
Definition
cardiovascular
Term
CVA
Definition
cerebrovascular accident or costovertebral angle
Term
CSF
Definition
cerebrospinal fluid
Term
d/c
Definition
discontinue
Term
D&C
Definition
dilation and curettage
Term
Decub
Definition
decubitus bed sore
Term
Diff
Definition
differential
Term
Disp
Definition
# of pills to dispense on prescription
Term
DM
Definition
diabetes mellitus
Term
DNR (No Code)
Definition
do not resuscitate
Term
DOA
Definition
dead on arrival, date of admission
Term
DOC
Definition
drug of choice
Term
DOE
Definition
dyspnea on exertion
Term
DPL
Definition
diagnostic peritoneal lavage
Term
DRE
Definition
digital rectal exam
Term
DT's
Definition
delirium tremors
Term
DTR
Definition
deep tendon reflexes
Term
DVA/NVA
Definition
distal/near visual acuity
Term
Dx
Definition
diagnosis
Term
ECG/EKG
Definition
electrocardiogram
Term
ECT
Definition
electroconvulsive therapy
Term
EDC
Definition
estimated date of confinement
Term
EEG
Definition
electroencephalogram
Term
EENT
Definition
ears, eyes, nose and throat
Term
e.g.
Definition
for example
Term
EMV
Definition
eye, motor, verbal Glasgow coma scale grading
Term
ENT
Definition
ear, nose, throat
Term
EOMI
Definition
extraocular muscles intact
Term
ER
Definition
emergency room
Term
ESR
Definition
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Term
ETT
Definition
endotrachial tube
Term
ETOH
Definition
alcohol
Term
EUA
Definition
examination under anesthesia
Term
Eval
Definition
evaluation
Term
F
Definition
fahrenheit
Term
FB
Definition
foreign body
Term
FBS
Definition
fasting blood sugar
Term
FH
Definition
family history
Term
fl. oz.
Definition
fluid ounces
Term
FROM
Definition
full range of motion
Term
Fx
Definition
fracture
Term
GB
Definition
gallbladder
Term
GC
Definition
gonorrhea/chlamydia
Term
GCS
Definition
Glasgow coma scale
Term
gr.
Definition
grain
Term
gtt
Definition
drops
Term
G tube
Definition
gastrostomy tube
Term
H&H
Definition
hemoglobin and hematocrit
Term
H&P
Definition
history and physical
Term
Hct
Definition
hematocrit
Term
HEENT
Definition
head, eyes, ears, nose, throat
Term
HNP
Definition
herniated nucleus pulposus
Term
HOB
Definition
head of the bead
Term
hs
Definition
hours of sleep at bedtime
Term
HTN
Definition
hypertension
Term
I&O
Definition
input and output
Term
IBW
Definition
ideal body weight
Term
ICU
Definition
intensive care unit
Term
ICP
Definition
intracranial pressure
Term
IM
Definition
intramuscular/intramedullary
Term
IP
Definition
inpatient
Term
IV
Definition
intravenous infusion
Term
IVP
Definition
intravenous pyelogram
Term
JVP
Definition
jugular venous pulsation
Term
LLE
Definition
left lower extremity
Term
LLL
Definition
left lower lobe
Term
LLQ
Definition
left lower quadrant
Term
LMP
Definition
last menstrual period
Term
LP
Definition
lumbar puncture
Term
LS
Definition
lumosacral
Term
LUE
Definition
left upper extremity
Term
LUQ
Definition
left upper quadrant
Term
m
Definition
murmur
Term
ml (cc)
Definition
milliliter (cubic centimeter)
Term
med
Definition
medicine or medication
Term
MI
Definition
myocardial infarction
Term
MOM
Definition
milk of magnesia
Term
MS
Definition
mitral stenosis
Term
MVA
Definition
motor vehicle accident
Term
MVP
Definition
mitral valve prolapse
Term
NAD
Definition
no acute distress
Term
NG
Definition
nasogastric tube
Term
NKA/NKDA
Definition
no know allergies/no known drug allergies
Term
NPO
Definition
nothing by mouth
Term
NSAID
Definition
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Term
NSR
Definition
normal sinus rhythm
Term
N/V/D
Definition
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Term
OBS
Definition
organic brain syndrome
Term
OCP
Definition
oral contraceptive pills
Term
OOB
Definition
out of bed
Term
OP
Definition
outpatient
Term
OR
Definition
operating room
Term
ortho
Definition
orthopedic
Term
OS
Definition
mouth
Term
Ox3
Definition
orientated to time, person, place
Term
p
Definition
after
Term
p.c.
Definition
after meals
Term
PCA
Definition
patient controlled anesthesia
Term
PE
Definition
physical examination
Term
PERRLA
Definition
pupils equal round, reactive to light and accommodation
Term
PID
Definition
pelvic inflammatory disease
Term
PMH
Definition
past medical history
Term
PND
Definition
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Term
pnd
Definition
postnasal drainage
Term
pr
Definition
per rectum
Term
prn
Definition
as needed
Term
PROM
Definition
premature rupture of membranes
Term
pt
Definition
patient
Term
PT
Definition
physical therapy
Term
PUD
Definition
peptic ulcer disease
Term
PVC
Definition
premature ventricular contraction
Term
PVD
Definition
peripheral vascular disease
Term
q
Definition
every
Term
qh
Definition
every hour
Term
q2h
Definition
every 2 hours
Term
qns
Definition
quantity not sufficient
Term
q.i.d.
Definition
four times a day
Term
R
Definition
right
Term
RA
Definition
rheumatoid arthritis
Term
RLQ
Definition
right lower quadrant
Term
RN
Definition
registered nurse
Term
r/o
Definition
rule out
Term
ROM
Definition
range of motion
Term
RR
Definition
recovery room
Term
RRR
Definition
regular rate and rhythm
Term
RTC
Definition
return to clinic
Term
RUE
Definition
right upper extremity
Term
RUL
Definition
right upper lobe
Term
RUQ
Definition
right upper quadrant
Term
Rx
Definition
treatment
Term
s
Definition
without
Term
SBO
Definition
small bowel obstruction
Term
SI
Definition
sacroiliac joint/stroke index
Term
Sig
Definition
how to take the prescription
Term
SL
Definition
sublingual
Term
SLE
Definition
systemic lupus erythematosis
Term
SLR
Definition
straight leg raises
Term
SNF skilled nursing facility
Definition
Term
SOB
Definition
shortness of breath
Term
Stat
Definition
immediately
Term
SQ
Definition
subcutaneously
Term
SROM
Definition
spontaneous rupture of membranes
Term
SVD
Definition
spontaneous vaginal delivery
Term
Sx
Definition
symptom
Term
TAH-BSO
Definition
total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy
Term
TIA
Definition
transient ischemic attack
Term
t.i.d.
Definition
three times a day
Term
TM
Definition
tympanic membrane
Term
TMJ
Definition
temporomandibular joint
Term
TO
Definition
telephone order
Term
TPN
Definition
total parenteral nutrition
Term
TPR
Definition
temperature, pulse, respiration
Term
TVH
Definition
total vaginal hysterectomy
Term
TURP
Definition
transurethral resection of the prostate
Term
Tx
Definition
treatment
Term
UCHD
Definition
usual childhood diseases
Term
UGI
Definition
upper gastrointestinal
Term
URI
Definition
upper respiratory infection
Term
UTI
Definition
urinary tract infection
Term
VO
Definition
verbal order
Term
VSS
Definition
vital signs stable
Term
W/D
Definition
warm and dry
Term
WDWN
Definition
well-developed, well-nourished
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