Term
| Differentiate between reversible cell injury and irreversible cell injury |
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Definition
| cell injury occurs with exposrue to persistant sublethal environmental stress; if stress is removed in time, or if the cell is able to withstand the assault, structural and functional integrity is restored and the injury is thus reversed. Sufficiently severe stress beyond point of no return results in irreversible injury and death of the cell |
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Term
| morphological pattern of cell death |
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Definition
| environmental stresses and coagulative necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in cell cytoplasm and nucleus common to all forms of cellular death |
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Term
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Definition
condition of reversible cell injury characterized by a large, pale cytoplasm and a normally located nucleus
*impairment of cellular volume regulation, a process that controls ionic concentrations |
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Term
| List four ultrastructural changes on intracellular organelles which may occur in the hydropic swelling of reversible cell injury |
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Definition
*endoplasmic reticulum become distended by fluid
*mitochondria swell
*plasma membrane form cytoplasmic blebs
*nucleolus fibrillar and granular components may segregate |
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Term
| List six major cellular adaptive responses to chronic stress |
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Definition
*atrophy
*hypertrophy
*hyperplasia
*metaplasia
*dysplasia
*intracellular storage |
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Term
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Definition
| a decrease in the size and function of a cell or organ |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase in the size of a cell/organ accompanied by augmented functional capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase in the number of cells in or organ or tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| the conversion of one differential cell to another |
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Term
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Definition
| an alteration in size, shape, and organization of the cellular components of a tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| normal function on tissues in multicellular organisms; stores nutritional constituents for use at a later time. |
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Term
| Three Common intracellular nutitional constituents which can accumulate abnormally during dysfunction on intracellular storage |
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Definition
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Term
| List the three most common causes of cellular death |
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Definition
*viruses
*ischemia
*physical agents (radiation, extreme temperatures, toxic chemicals) |
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Term
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Definition
| interference of blood supply to tissues |
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Term
| Morphological Stages that occur during Coagulative Necrosis |
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Definition
*cell nucleus shows clumping of chromatic with redistribution along the nuclear membrane
*nucleus becomes smaller (pyknosis) and may fragment throughout the cytoplasm (karryorrhexis), or the pyknotic nucleus may be extruded from the cell. The nucleus may show progressive loss of chromatic staining (karyolysis). |
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Term
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Definition
| A condensation and reduction in the size of a cell or cell nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| fragmentation of the nucleus of a cell undergoing programmed cell death |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus shows progressive loss of chromatic staining |
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Term
| Conditions in which liquefactive necrosis may occur |
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Definition
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are acute inflammation cells which congregate generally in response to a bacterial infection; contain hydrolases which are capable of completely digesting dead cells, often forming an abscess. dissolution of tissue.
*brain, CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| when a localized collection of acute inflammatory cells produce rapid death and dissolution of a tissue, often resulting in an abscess |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of pus that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue on the basis of an infectious process (usually caused by bacteria or parasites) or other foreign materials (e.g. splinters or bullet wounds). It is a defensive reaction of the tissue to prevent the spread of infectious materials to other parts of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| affects adipose tissue and most commonly results from pancreatitis or trauma. digestive enzymes found in pancreatic duct and small intestine are released from injured pancreatic cells and ducts into the extracellular space; they digest the pancreas and surrounding tissue including adipose cells |
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Term
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Definition
| when digestive enzymes are released from injured cells into the extracellular space resulting in digestion of surrounding tissues including adipose tissue |
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Term
| Differentiate caseous necrosis from coagulative and liquefactive necrosis |
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Definition
| in caseous necrosis, the necrotic cells do not retain their cellular outlines; however, the cells fail to disappear by lysis as in liquefactive necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the typical lesion of tuberculosis in which the dead cells persist indefinitely as amorphous, coarsely granular, eosinophilic debris |
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Term
| Name an important cause of coagulative necrosis and give a common clinical etiology |
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Definition
| ischemia is the most importnat cause. complications of atherosclerosis are a common cause of ischemic cell injury in the brain, heart, intestines, kidney, and lower extremities |
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Term
| Differentiate between direct and indirect cyopathic viruses |
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Definition
| direct causes lethal injury without involving the host immune system; indirect requires participation of the immune system |
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Term
| Describe two types of pathologic calcification |
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Definition
dystrophic- deposition of Ca++ salts in the extracellular fluid of injured tissue, and is often visible with naked eye.
metastatic- deranged calcium metabolism and is associated with increased serum calcium concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| any abnormal condition (usually nutritional) |
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Term
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Definition
| change in position, state, or form; spreading from initial site |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when environmental changes exceed the capacity of the cell to maintain normal homeostasis through normal cellular adaptations |
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Term
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Definition
| an alteration of injured blood vessels with the influx and accumulation of plasma proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| death of a single cells as a result of activation of a genetically programmed suicide pathway |
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