Term
|
Definition
| Pure substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary laboratory processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arranged the first 60 elements into groups. |
|
|
Term
| There are how many elements identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the order of increasing atomic number. |
|
|
Term
| Vertical columns are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Groups contain elements with |
|
Definition
| similar properties in vertical columns |
|
|
Term
| Horizontal rows of elements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1-18 or 1A-8A in earlier systems |
|
|
Term
| Periods are numbered from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Period 1 has how many elements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Period 2&3 have how many elements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Period 4&5 have how many elements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Period 6 has how many elements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| main group/Representative elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alkali Metals are in Group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Soft, shiny metals
Good conductors of electricity and Heat
React vigorously with water
Form a white product when they react with oxygen
Hydrogen is not an alkali metal |
|
|
Term
| Alkaline Earth Metals properties |
|
Definition
Soft Shiny Metals
Conductors of Heat and Electricity
Reactive, but not as much as group 1 metals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gases
nonreactive
Only a few compounds with other elements are known |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alkaline Earth Metals Group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on the left, except for hydrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Metals are shiny solids except for mercury which is a liquid)
Malleable and ductile
They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Melt at high temperatures
Have high densities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nonmetals are dull brittle solids or gases at room temperatures.
Poor conductors
They are good insulators
Melt at low temperatures
Have low densities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elements that have some properties similar metals and nonmetals
Are better conductors then nonmetals but not as good as metals
Are used as semiconductors and insulators |
|
|
Term
| All elements are made up of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All atoms of the same element are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest particle of an element that contain the characteristics of that element |
|
|
Term
| Dalton's Atomic theory-John Dalton |
|
Definition
Every element is made up of tiny particles called atoms
All atoms of a given element are identical. They are different from atoms of other elements.
Atoms of two or more different elements combine in a definite proportion to form compounds.
A chemical reaction involves changes in the arrangement or combination of atoms. (Atoms are neither created or destroyed) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protons and Neutrons are contained to |
|
Definition
| A small region called the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| of a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons |
|
|
Term
| Electrons are constantly moving in the large empty space around the nucleus |
|
Definition
| called the electron cloud |
|
|
Term
| An atom of any element is electrically |
|
Definition
| neutral the net charge of an atom is zero |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protons=electrons in numbers |
|
|
Term
| The of which subatomic particle is negligible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where most of the mass in a atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemist use atomic mass units |
|
Definition
| to give masses of atoms and subatomic particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1/12 the mass of a C-12 atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons |
|
|
Term
| Atomic Number is equal to the number |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| above the the symbol of an element in the periodic table different from the nuclear symbol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the sum of the number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of protons+number of neutrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
are atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers.
They have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Helpful when specifying isotopes.
Gives the Mass number in the upper left hand corner and the atomic number in the lower left corner. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| below the symbol of each element on the periodic table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a weighted average of masses of all isotopes based on their fractional natural abundances |
|
|
Term
| Electromagnetic Radiation |
|
Definition
Is energy that travels as waves through space
Moves at the speed of light in a vacuum
Is described in terms of wavelength and frequency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the distance between the top of a wave to the top of the next wave
is expressed in meters (m) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the number of waves that pass by each second
Is expressed in cycles per second also uses hertz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electromagnetic Spectrum is |
|
Definition
| a collection of all forms of electromagnetic radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| White light that passes through a prism |
|
Definition
is separated into all colors called a continuous spectrum.
gives the colors of a rainbow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of lines of different colors (line spectrum) |
|
|
Term
| What causes an atomic spectrum |
|
Definition
| formed when light from a heated element passes through a prism. |
|
|
Term
| When an electron jumps to a higher energy level it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An electron falls to a lower energy level by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emitted radiation consists of small particles called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formula for the maximum number of electrons a energy level can hold |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the number of sublevels in an energy level is equal to |
|
Definition
| the principal quantum number (n) |
|
|
Term
| Sub levels are designated with the letters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sublevels are also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| maximum number of electrons in s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| maximum number of electrons in p |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| maximum number of electrons in d |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| maximum number of electrons in f |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has one orbital that holds 2 electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have 3 orbitals and can hold 6 electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have 5 orbitals and can hold 10 electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have 7 orbitals and can hold 14 electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the electrons in the highest (outermost) energy level |
|
|
Term
| Valence electrons in the electron configuration are the electrons in sublevels |
|
Definition
| s and p with the highest n number |
|
|
Term
| All elements in the same group have |
|
Definition
| the same number of valence electrons |
|
|
Term
| Number of valence electrons equal the |
|
Definition
| group number if using the the 1a-8a numbering system |
|
|
Term
| Number of valence electrons equal |
|
Definition
| group number - 10 if you are using the 1-18 numbering system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the distance from the nucleus to the valence electrons |
|
|
Term
| Atomic radius increases going down each group of Representative elements because |
|
Definition
| the number of energy levels increases |
|
|
Term
| Atomic radius decreases going left to right across a period as |
|
Definition
| more protons increase nuclear attraction for valence electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy it takes to remove a valence electron |
|
|
Term
| Metals have 1-3 valence electrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non metals have 5-7 valence electrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nobel Gases have complete octets (He has two valence electrons) |
|
Definition
| have the highest ionization energies in each period |
|
|
