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| is the study of materials and the changes that materials undergo. |
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| is the physical material of the universe; it is anything that has mass and volume |
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| is any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types |
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| are what matter is composed of |
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| are the small building blocks of matter; each element is composed of a kind of atom |
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| are two or more atoms joined together in specific shapes |
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| 3 physical states of matter are |
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1.Gas (has no fixed volume or shape)
2.Liquid (has a fixed volume but no shape)
3.Solid (has a fixed volume and fixed shape) |
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| the 3 compositions of matter are |
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1.Element (the most simple substance, composed of 1 atom)
2.Compound (composed of 2 or more atoms)
3.Mixture (Combinations of 2 or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity) |
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| is matter that has distinct properties and a compositions that does not vary from sample to sample, EX: Water or table salt (sodium chloride) |
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| Law of constant composition |
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| (or definite proportions) is that the compositions of a pure compound is always the same |
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| are homogenous mixtures, or mixtures that are uniform throughout, EX: Sugar water, where the sugar dissolves into the water, or air |
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| can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance, EX: color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness |
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| describe the way a substance may change or react to form other substances |
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| are properties like temperature, melting point and density. They do not depend on the amount of the sample being examined, and can help identify the sample |
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| like mass and volume depend on the quantity of the sample. They relate to the amount of substance present |
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| is when a substance changes its appearance but not its composition |
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| are all physical changes (EX: liquid to gas or liquid to solid) |
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| (or chemical reaction) a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance |
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| is a concise verbal statement or a mathematical equation that summarizes a broad variety of observations and experiences; based on observation, concise statement, descriptive, explains what, not why |
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| is an explanation of the general causes of certain phenomena, with considerable evidence or facts to support it |
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| is a general approach to solving problems that involves making observations, seeking patterns in the observations, formulating hypotheses to explain the observations, and testing these hypotheses by further experiments |
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| is a tentative explanation; an educated guess |
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| is used for scientific measurements |
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| There are seven SI base units from which all other units are derived |
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1.Length – m (meter)
2.Amount – mol (mole)
3.Mass – kg (kilogram)
4.Candela – cd (luminous intensity)
5.Time – s (second)
6.Temperature – K (kelvin)
7.Current – A (ampere) |
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| is a measure of the amount of material in an object |
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| is the everyday scale of temperature in most countries. 0 °C is the freezing point of water and 100 °C is the boiling point of water |
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| is the SI temperature scale. 0 K is absolute zero, or the lowest attainable temperature. That’s -273.15 °C |
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| is a property of matter that is widely used to characterize a substance. Density = Mass/Volume |
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| Uncertainties always exist; are generally reported in such a way that only the last digit is uncertain |
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| is a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another |
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| refers to how closely individual measurements agree with the correct, or “true”, value |
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| are all digits of a measured quantity, including the uncertain one |
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| is when you carry units through all calculations. Units are multiplied together, divided into each other, or cancel each other out |
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| is a fraction whose numerator and denominator are the same quantity expressed in different units |
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